ArticleCancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.)2012
δ- and γ-tocopherols, but not α-tocopherol, inhibit colon carcinogenesis in azoxymethane-treated F344 rats.
Article in Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma, Prostate and Urine Levels of Tocopherols and Metabolites in Men after Supplementation with a γ-Tocopherol-Rich Vitamin E Mixture.Nutrition and cancer · 2021Trial
- Colorectal Adenomas in Participants of the SELECT Randomized Trial of Selenium and Vitamin E for Prostate Cancer Prevention.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2017Trial
- Exploring Vitamin E's Role in Colorectal Cancer Growth Using Rodent Models: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Significance of Vitamins A and E in Cancer Progression and Prevention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Antiproliferative Role of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Tocopherols on Colorectal Cancer Cells Overexpressing the Estrogen Receptor β.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Role of Vitamin E Isoforms and Metabolites in Cancer Prevention: Mechanistic Insights into Sphingolipid Metabolism Modulation.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Fig seed oil improves intestinal damage caused by 5-FU-induced mucositis in rats.Food science & nutrition · 2024Article
- Antioxidant and Anti-Tumor Effects of Dietary Vitamins A, C, and E.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- δ-Tocotrienol is the Most Potent Vitamin E Form in Inhibiting Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Inhibits Prostate Carcinogenesis in Ptenp-/- Mice.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- Metabolism of natural forms of vitamin E and biological actions of vitamin E metabolites.Free radical biology & medicine · 2022Article
- Gamma-tocopherol, a major form of vitamin E in diets: Insights into antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, mechanisms, and roles in disease management.Free radical biology & medicine · 2022Article
- Natural Products in the Prevention of Metabolic Diseases: Lessons Learned from the 20th KAST Frontier Scientists Workshop.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Vitamin E beyond Its Antioxidant Label.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Article
- Modification of In Vitro and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity by Consumption of Cooked Chickpea in a Colon Cancer Model.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Vitamin E and cancer prevention: Studies with different forms of tocopherols and tocotrienols.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2020Review
- Tocopherols inhibit estrogen-induced cancer stemness and OCT4 signaling in breast cancer.Carcinogenesis · 2018Article
- Tocopherols inhibit esophageal carcinogenesis through attenuating NF-κB activation and CXCR3-mediated inflammation.Oncogene · 2018Article
- δ-Tocopherol inhibits the development of prostate adenocarcinoma in prostate specific Pten-/- mice.Carcinogenesis · 2018Article
- Methods for efficient analysis of tocopherols, tocotrienols and their metabolites in animal samples with HPLC-EC.Journal of food and drug analysis · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The cancer preventive activity of vitamin E has been extensively discussed, but the activities of specific forms of tocopherols have not received sufficient attention. Herein, we compared the activities of δ-tocopherol (δ-T), γ-T, and α-T in a colon carcinogenesis model. Male F344 rats, seven weeks old, were given two weekly subcutaneous injections of azoxymethane (AOM) each at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. Starting 1 week before the AOM injection, the animals were maintained on a modified AIN76A diet, or the same diet containing 0.2% of δ-T, γ-T, α-T, or a γ-T-rich mixture of tocopherols (γ-TmT), until the termination of the experiment at 8 weeks after the second AOM injection. δ-T treatment showed the strongest inhibitory effect, decreasing the numbers of aberrant crypt foci by 62%. γ-T and γ-TmT were also effective, but α-T was not. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that δ-T and γ-T treatments reduced the levels of 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine and the expression of cyclin D1 in the colon, preserved the expression of PPAR-γ, and decreased the serum levels of prostaglandin E2 and 8-isoprostane. Supplementation with 0.2% δ-T, γ-T, or α-T increased the respective levels of tocopherols and their side-chain degradation metabolites in the serum and colon tissues. Rather high concentrations of δ-T and γ-T and their metabolites were found in colon tissues. Our study provides the first evidence for the much higher cancer preventive activity of δ-T and γ-T than α-T in a chemically induced colon carcinogenesis model. It further suggests that δ-T is more effective than γ-T.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.