ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2012
Lifetime exposure to traumatic psychological stress is associated with elevated inflammation in the Heart and Soul Study.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06429293 (Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Neural, Inflammatory, & Autonomic Markers in a Sample With PTSD and Cardiovascular Risk), which is not on this map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Neural, Inflammatory, & Autonomic Markers in a Sample With PTSD and Cardiovascular Risk: Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Post-traumatic stress disorder and cardiometabolic dysfunction: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.iScience · 2026Review
- Investigating the association between stressful life events and the risk of myocardial infarction and mortality: the Tromsø study.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Observational
- Associations of lifetime stressors and health behaviors with inflammation in young adults previously placed in youth residential care.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- PTSD increases risk for major adverse cardiovascular events through neural and cardio-inflammatory pathways.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2024Article
- Impact of cognitive behavioural therapy on neural, inflammatory, & autonomic markers in a sample with PTSD and cardiovascular risk: protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2024Article
- Prevalence, correlates, and mental and physical health burden of cardiovascular disease in older U.S. military veterans.PLOS mental health · 2024Article
- Early-Life Stress Induced by Neonatal Maternal Separation Leads to Intestinal 5-HT Accumulation and Causes Intestinal Dysfunction.Journal of inflammation research · 2024Article
- Effects of group trauma-sensitive yoga on inflammatory markers and psychological well-being in women veterans with PTSD: A randomized controlled trial.Brain behavior and immunity integrative · 2023Article
- Psychological stress is associated with arterial inflammation in people living with treated HIV infection.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2023Article
- PTSD, Immune System, and Inflammation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Stress- and drug-induced neuroimmune signaling as a therapeutic target for comorbid anxiety and substance use disorders.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- Involvement of the brain-heart axis in the link between PTSD and cardiovascular disease.Depression and anxiety · 2022Review
- Adverse Childhood Events, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Infectious Encephalopathies and Immune-Mediated Disease.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- C-Reactive Protein: Marker of risk for post-traumatic stress disorder and its potential for a mechanistic role in trauma response and recovery.The European journal of neuroscience · 2022Review
- Review
- Immune response of frontline medical workers providing medical support for Wuhan COVID-19 patients, China.International immunopharmacology · 2021Article
- Dissecting the genetic association of C-reactive protein with PTSD, traumatic events, and social support.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Early life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2020Review
- Suppression, but not reappraisal, is associated with inflammation in trauma-exposed veterans.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2020Article
- The Effects of Lifetime Trauma Exposure on Cognitive Functioning in Midlife.Journal of traumatic stress · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Exposure to traumatic psychological stress increases risk for disease events and mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). While the biological mechanisms of these effects are not known, inflammation may play a key role as it is both elevated by psychological stress and involved in the development and progression of CVD. In a prospective study of patients with stable CVD (n=979), we examined if higher lifetime trauma exposure was associated with elevated levels of inflammation at baseline and at five-year follow-up, and with greater increases in inflammation over time. Inflammation was indexed by a composite score incorporating the inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and resistin. In follow-up analyses, we adjusted for sociodemographic factors, psychiatric disorders and health behaviors that were significantly associated with trauma exposure. Higher trauma exposure was associated with elevated inflammation at baseline (β=.09, p=.01) and at five-year follow-up (β=.09, p=.03). While levels of inflammation increased from baseline to follow-up in the sample, there was no significant association between trauma exposure and rate of change in inflammation. Findings were robust to adjustments for sociodemographic factors and psychiatric disorders, but health behaviors appeared to contribute to the association between trauma and inflammation at follow-up. This is the first large-scale demonstration of an association between lifetime trauma exposure and inflammation. High lifetime exposure to traumatic stress may contribute to an accelerated rate of CVD progression through elevated inflammation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.