ArticleJournal of cell science2012
Nuclear inheritance and genetic exchange without meiosis in the binucleate parasite Giardia intestinalis.
Article in Journal of cell science, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed.
- Host range expansion of asexual parasite can be explained by loss of adaptions in Muller's Ratchet.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Diverse Genome Structures among Eukaryotes May Have Arisen in Response to Genetic Conflict.Genome biology and evolution · 2024Review
- Harnessing the power of new genetic tools to illuminate Giardia biology and pathogenesis.Genetics · 2024Review
- Mendelian segregation and high recombination rates facilitate genetic analyses in Cryptosporidium parvum.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Giardia telomeres and telomerase.Parasitology research · 2024Review
- Observations on the transmission ofParasitology · 2024Article
- Mendelian segregation and high recombination rates facilitate genetic analyses inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- On the evolution of variation in sexual reproduction through the prism of eukaryotic microbes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Review
- Variation in haplotypes in single cysts of assemblages C and D, but not of assemblage E of Giardia duodenalis.BMC microbiology · 2022Article
- A Detailed Gene Expression Map ofGenes · 2021Article
- A Novel Spo11 Homologue Functions as a Positive Regulator in Cyst Differentiation inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Starvation-induced cell fusion and heterokaryosis frequently escape imperfect allorecognition systems in an asexual fungal pathogen.BMC biology · 2021Article
- Article
- Identification of GdRFC1 as a novel regulator of telomerase in Giardia duodenalis.Parasitology research · 2020Article
- DNA topoisomerase IIIβ promotes cyst generation by inducing cyst wall protein gene expression inOpen biology · 2020Article
- Transcriptomic changes across the life cycle ofPeerJ · 2020Article
- A 'parameiosis' drives depolyploidization and homologous recombination in Candida albicans.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Cellular Events of Multinucleated Giant Cells Formation During the Encystation ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Genetic Evidence for Sexuality in Cochliopodium (Amoebozoa).The Journal of heredity · 2017Article
- Meiotic Genes in Colpodean Ciliates Support Secretive Sexuality.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Giardia intestinalis (also known as Giardia lamblia) is a major waterborne pathogen. During its life cycle, Giardia alternates between the actively growing trophozoite, which has two diploid nuclei with low levels of allelic heterozygosity, and the infectious cyst, which has four nuclei and a tough outer wall. Although the formation of the cyst wall has been studied extensively, we still lack basic knowledge about many fundamental aspects of the cyst, including the sources of the four nuclei and their distribution during the transformation from cyst into trophozoite. In this study, we tracked the identities of the nuclei in the trophozoite and cyst using integrated nuclear markers and immunofluorescence staining. We demonstrate that the cyst is formed from a single trophozoite by a mitotic division without cytokinesis and not by the fusion of two trophozoites. During excystation, the cell completes cytokinesis to form two daughter trophozoites. The non-identical nuclear pairs derived from the parent trophozoite remain associated in the cyst and are distributed to daughter cells during excystation as pairs. Thus, nuclear sorting (such that each daughter cell receives a pair of identical nuclei) does not appear to be a mechanism by which Giardia reduces heterozygosity between its nuclei. Rather, we show that the cyst nuclei exchange chromosomal genetic material, perhaps as a way to reduce heterozygosity in the absence of meiosis and sex, which have not been described in Giardia. These results shed light on fundamental aspects of the Giardia life cycle and have implications for our understanding of the population genetics and cell biology of this binucleate parasite.
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