ArticleToxicology2012
A role for solvents in the toxicity of agricultural organophosphorus pesticides.
Article in Toxicology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Is oxygen required before atropine administration in organophosphorus or carbamate pesticide poisoning? - A cohort study.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2014Trial
- Reactivation of plasma butyrylcholinesterase by pralidoxime chloride in patients poisoned by WHO class II toxicity organophosphorus insecticides.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2013Trial
- Toxidromes.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Estrogenic activity of alkylcyclohexanones and alkylcyclohexanols in rainbow trout estrogen receptor binding and liver slices Vtg mRNA expression assays.Environmental toxicology and chemistry · 2025Article
- Exploring the CD3/CD56/TNF-α/Caspase3 pathway in pyrethroid-induced immune dysregulation: curcumin-loaded chitosan nanoparticle intervention.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The impact of solvents on the toxicity of the banned parathion insecticide.Chemico-biological interactions · 2023Article
- Lung injury caused by aspiration of organophosphorus insecticide and gastric contents in pigs.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Article
- "Calcium bombs" as harbingers of synaptic pathology and their mitigation by magnesium at murine neuromuscular junctions.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Article
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- Enhanced mosquitocidal efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides by nanometric emulsion preparation towards Culex pipiens larvae with biochemical and molecular docking studies.The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association · 2021Article
- Effects of the emulsifiable herbicide Dicamba on amphibian tadpoles: an underestimated toxicity risk?Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Article
- Effects of Roundup and its main component, glyphosate, upon mammalian sperm function and survival.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Organophosphorus compounds and oximes: a critical review.Archives of toxicology · 2020Review
- Emerging pesticides responsible for suicide in rural Sri Lanka following the 2008-2014 pesticide bans.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Efficacy of an organophosphorus hydrolase enzyme (OpdA) in human serum and minipig models of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning.Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2020Article
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- Organophosphorus pesticide determination in biological specimens: bioanalytical and toxicological aspects.International journal of legal medicine · 2019Review
- Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Effects on Paraoxonase-1 Activity and Oxidative Toxic Stress Induced by Malathion: A Potential Antioxidant Compound, Yes or No?Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2019Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Organophosphorus (OP) insecticide self-poisoning is responsible for about one-quarter of global suicides. Treatment focuses on the fact that OP compounds inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE); however, AChE-reactivating drugs do not benefit poisoned humans. We therefore studied the role of solvent coformulants in OP toxicity in a novel minipig model of agricultural OP poisoning. Gottingen minipigs were orally poisoned with clinically relevant doses of agricultural emulsifiable concentrate (EC) dimethoate, dimethoate active ingredient (AI) alone, or solvents. Cardiorespiratory physiology and neuromuscular (NMJ) function, blood AChE activity, and arterial lactate concentration were monitored for 12h to assess poisoning severity. Poisoning with agricultural dimethoate EC40, but not saline, caused respiratory arrest within 30 min, severe distributive shock and NMJ dysfunction, that was similar to human poisoning. Mean arterial lactate rose to 15.6 [SD 2.8] mM in poisoned pigs compared to 1.4 [0.4] in controls. Moderate toxicity resulted from poisoning with dimethoate AI alone, or the major solvent cyclohexanone. Combining dimethoate with cyclohexanone reproduced severe poisoning characteristic of agricultural dimethoate EC poisoning. A formulation without cyclohexanone showed less mammalian toxicity. These results indicate that solvents play a crucial role in dimethoate toxicity. Regulatory assessment of pesticide toxicity should include solvents as well as the AIs which currently dominate the assessment. Reformulation of OP insecticides to ensure that the agricultural product has lower mammalian toxicity could result in fewer deaths after suicidal ingestion and rapidly reduce global suicide rates.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.