ArticleFunctional neurology
Prevalence of extracranial venous abnormalities: results from a sample of 586 multiple sclerosis patients.
Article in Functional neurology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Azygos vein preservation revisited: impact on early outcomes after repair of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula in newborns.Updates in surgery · 2023Trial
- Cervical Oculopathy: The Cervical Spine Etiology of Visual Symptoms and Eye Diseases-A Hypothesis Exploring Mechanisms Linking the Neck and the Eye.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Veins in the Lateral Decubitus Body Position in the Healthy People.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Results of Numerical Modeling of Blood Flow in the Internal Jugular Vein Exhibiting Different Types of Strictures.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Evaluating Necessity of Azygos Vein Ligation in Primary Repair of Esophageal Atresia.The Indian journal of surgery · 2015Article
- Article
- Small internal jugular veins with restricted outflow are associated with severe multiple sclerosis: a sonographer-blinded, case-control ultrasound study.BMC neurology · 2013Article
- Mystery of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency: identical venographic and ultrasound findings in patients with MS and controls.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2013Article
- Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in multiple sclerosis: a highly prevalent age-dependent phenomenon.BMC neurology · 2013Article
- Internal jugular vein entrapment in a multiple sclerosis patient.Case reports in surgery · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency in an unselected cohort of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. A total of 586 patients with clinically defined MS underwent catheter venography of the internal jugular veins, brachiocephalic veins and azygos vein. The following findings were regarded as pathologic: no outflow, slowed outflow, reversal of flow direction, prestenotic dilation accompanied by impaired outflow, outflow through collaterals, intraluminal structures obstructing the vein, hypoplasia, agenesia or significant narrowing of the vein. Venous abnormalities were found in 563 patients (96.1%). Lesions in one vein were found in 43.5%, in two veins in 49.5%, and in three veins in 3.1% of patients. Venous pathologies in the right internal jugular vein were found in 64.0% of patients, in the left internal jugular vein in 81.7%, in the left brachiocephalic vein in 1.0%, and in the azygos vein in 4.9%. Venous pathologies were found to be highly associated with MS, yet the clinical relevance of this phenomenon remains to be established.
Indexed as
Identifiers
22364940PMC3814563W68715344What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.