Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22364591›Full record

ArticleEpidemiology and infection2013

Transmission and strain variation of Shigella flexneri 4a after mass prophylaxis in a long-stay psychiatric centre.

C F Ko, L Y Wang, N T Lin, C S Chiou, H C Yeh, J H Renn, Y S Lee

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Epidemiology and infection, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 43% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  2. High Prevalence ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2018
    Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

C F KoInstitute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
L Y WangDepartment of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan.
N T LinInstitute of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
C S ChiouThe Central Region Laboratory, Centre of Research and Diagnostics, Centres for Disease Control, Taichung, Taiwan.
H C YehThe Sixth Branch Office, Centres for Disease Control, Hualien, Taiwan.
J H RennDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yuli Veterans Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan.
Y S LeeDepartment of Public Health, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
Tzu Chi University · TWCentral Taiwan University of Science and Technology · TWMackay Medical College · TWYuli Veterans Hospital · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Shigella flexneri 4a caused sustained outbreaks in a large long-stay psychiatric centre, Taiwan, 2001-2006. Trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (SXT) prophylaxis was administered in 2004. We recovered 108 S. flexneri 4a isolates from 83 symptomatic (including one caregiver) and 12 asymptomatic subjects (11 contacts, one caregiver). The isolates were classified into eight antibiogram types and 15 genotypes (six clusters) by using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of NotI-digested DNA, respectively. These characteristics altered significantly after SXT prophylaxis (P < 0·05), with concomitant emergence of SXT-resistant isolates in two antibiogram types. P01 (n = 71), the predominant epidemic genotype, caused infection in two caregivers and five patients under their care; two P01 isolates were recovered from the same patient 6 months apart. These results indicate the importance of sustained person-to-person transmission of S. flexneri 4a by long-term convalescent, asymptomatic or caregiver carriers, and support the emergence of SXT-resistant strains following selective pressure by SXT prophylaxis.

Indexed as

Antibiotic ProphylaxisAnti-Bacterial AgentsDisease OutbreaksDNA, BacterialDrug Resistance, BacterialDysentery, BacillaryElectrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-FieldGenotypeHumansLong-Term CareMicrobial Sensitivity TestsMolecular EpidemiologyShigella flexneriTaiwanTrimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug CombinationAnti-Bacterial AgentsDNA, BacterialTrimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Identifiers

PMID22364591
PMCPMC9152077
OpenAlexW2151766791

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.