Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22363631›Full record

ArticlePloS one2012

Protective gene expression changes elicited by an inherited defect in photoreceptor structure.

Yagya V Sharma, Radu I Cojocaru, Linda M Ritter, Nidhi Khattree, Matthew Brooks, Alison Scott, Anand Swaroop, Andrew F X Goldberg

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
1.1field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Yagya V SharmaEye Research Institute, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan, United States of America.
Radu I Cojocaru
Linda M Ritter
Nidhi Khattree
Matthew Brooks
Alison Scott
Anand Swaroop
Andrew F X Goldberg
National Eye Institute · USOakland University · USSmith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute · USMichigan United · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · US

Funding

Retinal aging and inherited neurodegenerative diseasesZIAEY000473 · NEI · NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE · PI SWAROOP, ANAND · 2009 to 2014
$16.2M
PERIPHERIN/RDS IN PHOTORECEPTOR RENEWAL AND DISEASER01EY013246 · NEI · OAKLAND UNIVERSITY · PI GOLDBERG, ANDREW FX · 2001 to 2014
$3.5M
FEI Morgagni Transmission Electron MicroscopeS10RR017890 · NCRR · OAKLAND UNIVERSITY · PI GOLDBERG, ANDREW FX · 2003 to 2003
$266k
Intramural NIH HHSNCRR NIH HHS RR017890NEI NIH HHS EY013246NEI NIH HHS R01 EY013246
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inherited defects in retinal photoreceptor structure impair visual transduction, disrupt relationship with the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and compromise cell viability. A variety of progressive retinal degenerative diseases can result, and knowledge of disease etiology remains incomplete. To investigate pathogenic mechanisms in such instances, we have characterized rod photoreceptor and retinal gene expression changes in response to a defined insult to photoreceptor structure, using the retinal degeneration slow (rds) mouse model. Global gene expression profiling was performed on flow-sorted rds and wild-type rod photoreceptors immediately prior and subsequent to times at which OSs are normally elaborated. Dysregulated genes were identified via microarray hybridization, and selected candidates were validated using quantitative PCR analyses. Both the array and qPCR data revealed that gene expression changes were generally modest and dispersed amongst a variety of known functional networks. Although genes showing major (>5-fold) differential expression were identified in a few instances, nearly all displayed transient temporal profiles, returning to WT levels by postnatal day (P) 21. These observations suggest that major defects in photoreceptor cell structure may induce early homeostatic responses, which function in a protective manner to promote cell viability. We identified a single key gene, Egr1, that was dysregulated in a sustained fashion in rds rod photoreceptors and retina. Egr1 upregulation was associated with microglial activation and migration into the outer retina at times subsequent to the major peak of photoreceptor cell death. Interestingly, this response was accompanied by neurotrophic factor upregulation. We hypothesize that activation of Egr1 and neurotrophic factors may represent a protective immune mechanism which contributes to the characteristically slow retinal degeneration of the rds mouse model.

Indexed as

Gene Expression RegulationAnimalsAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticCD68 MoleculeDisease Models, AnimalEarly Growth Response Protein 1Gene Expression ProfilingGenetic Diseases, InbornHomeostasisMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMicrogliaNerve Growth FactorsNeuroprotective AgentsOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisAntigens, CDAntigens, Differentiation, MyelomonocyticCD68 MoleculeCD68 protein, mouseEarly Growth Response Protein 1Egr1 protein, mouseNerve Growth FactorsNeuroprotective Agents

Identifiers

PMID22363631
PMCPMC3282697
OpenAlexW2074800682

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.