ArticlePloS one2012
Ethnic differences in survival after breast cancer in South East Asia.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 48 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Prospective Study to Evaluate the Effect of Systemic Adjuvant Therapy on the Cognitive Function of Breast Cancer Patients
A Prospective Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of Systemic Adjuvant Therapy on the Cognitive and Brain Function of Breast Cancer Patients
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed.
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- The Burden of Genitourinary Malignancies in Southeast Asia from 1990 to 2021.European urology oncology · 2025Article
- Advancing breast cancer research through real-world data from the Singapore Joint Breast Cancer Registry.ESMO real world data and digital oncology · 2025Article
- Breast cancer treatment modalities, treatment delays, and survival in Brunei Darussalam.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- The impacts of cancer treatment on lifestyle habits and mental health in Vietnamese women: an exploratory qualitative study.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Article
- Cascade testing for hereditary cancer in Singapore: how population genomics help guide clinical policy.Familial cancer · 2024Review
- Cancer disparities in Southeast Asia: intersectionality and a call to action.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2023Article
- Review
- Development of Predictive Models for Survival among Women with Breast Cancer in Malaysia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Prognostic Factors for Bladder Cancer Patients in Malaysia: A Population-Based Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A Scoping Review on the Status of Female Breast Cancer in Asia with a Special Focus on Nepal.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2022Article
- Germline breast cancer susceptibility genes, tumor characteristics, and survival.Genome medicine · 2021Article
- Breast Cancer Screening in Semi-Rural Malaysia: Utilisation and Barriers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Influence of cultural practices on breast cancer risks, stage at presentation and outcome in a multi-ethnic developing country.Oncology letters · 2021Review
- Article
- Baseline cardiovascular comorbidities, and the influence on cancer treatment decision-making in women with breast cancer.Ecancermedicalscience · 2021Article
- A comparison of breast cancer survival across different age groups: a multicentric database study in Penang, Malaysia.Epidemiology and health · 2021Article
- Article
- Dietary Changes and Its Impact on Quality of Life among Malay Breast and Gynaecological Cancer Survivors in Malaysia.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Article
- Molecular exploration of paediatric intracranial germinomas from multi-ethnic Singapore.BMC neurology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe burden of breast cancer in Asia is escalating. We evaluated the impact of ethnicity on survival after breast cancer in the multi-ethnic region of South East Asia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsUsing the Singapore-Malaysia hospital-based breast cancer registry, we analyzed the association between ethnicity and mortality following breast cancer in 5,264 patients diagnosed between 1990 and 2007 (Chinese: 71.6%, Malay: 18.4%, Indian: 10.0%). We compared survival rates between ethnic groups and calculated adjusted hazard ratios (HR) to estimate the independent effect of ethnicity on survival. Malays (n = 968) presented at a significantly younger age, with larger tumors, and at later stages than the Chinese and Indians. Malays were also more likely to have axillary lymph node metastasis at similar tumor sizes and to have hormone receptor negative and poorly differentiated tumors. Five year overall survival was highest in the Chinese women (75.8%; 95%CI: 74.4%-77.3%) followed by Indians (68.0%; 95%CI: 63.8%-72.2%), and Malays (58.5%; 95%CI: 55.2%-61.7%). Compared to the Chinese, Malay ethnicity was associated with significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 1.34; 95%CI: 1.19-1.51), independent of age, stage, tumor characteristics and treatment. Indian ethnicity was not significantly associated with risk of mortality after breast cancer compared to the Chinese (HR: 1.14; 95%CI: 0.98-1.34).
conclusionIn South East Asia, Malay ethnicity is independently associated with poorer survival after breast cancer. Research into underlying reasons, potentially including variations in tumor biology, psychosocial factors, treatment responsiveness and lifestyle after diagnosis, is warranted.
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Registered trials
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