ArticlePloS one2012
Palmitate promotes the paracrine effects of macrophages on vascular smooth muscle cells: the role of bone morphogenetic proteins.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Palmitic acid induces inflammation in placental trophoblasts and impairs their migration toward smooth muscle cells through plasminogen activator inhibitor-1.Molecular human reproduction · 2020Article
- Infiltration of CD68+ cells correlates positively with matrix metalloproteinase 2 expression in the arteries used as aortocoronary bypass grafts. Possible clinical implications.Cardiology journal · 2020Article
- The nuclear variant of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (nBMP2) is expressed in macrophages and alters calcium response.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Palmitate and minimally-modified low-density lipoprotein cooperatively promote inflammatory responses in macrophages.PloS one · 2018Article
- High glucose and palmitate increases bone morphogenic protein 4 expression in human endothelial cells.The Korean journal of physiology & pharmacology : official journal of the Korean Physiological Society and the Korean Society of Pharmacology · 2016Article
- Article
- Regulators and effectors of bone morphogenetic protein signalling in the cardiovascular system.The Journal of physiology · 2015Review
- Article
- Differential regulation of human aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation by monocyte-derived macrophages from diabetic patients.PloS one · 2014Article
- Ischemia-reperfusion injury accelerates human antibody-mediated transplant vasculopathy.Transplantation · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Saturated fatty acids are known to activate macrophages and induce vascular inflammation. Although cytokines from activated macrophage influence other vascular cells, the influence of saturated fatty acids on the paracrine effect of macrophages is not fully understood yet. Here we examined the impact of palmitate on the effect of macrophages on vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and their mediators. SMCs proliferation increased significantly after treatment with conditioned media from palmitate-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. SMC migration was found to be greater after treatment with palmitate-conditioned media. SM α-actin and SM22α were decreased in SMCs treated with palmitate-conditioned media. When stimulated with palmitate, RAW264.7 cells secreted more bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)2 and BMP4 into the cell culture media. SMC proliferation, migration, and phenotypic changes were attenuated after treatment of neutralizing antibodies against BMPs or knockdown of BMPs with siRNA. The influences of these proteins were further confirmed by direct treatment of recombinant BMP2 and BMP4 on SMCs. Particularly, the effects of BMPs on SMC migration on phenotypic change were obvious, whereas their effect on SMC proliferation seemed not significant or modest. In conclusion, palmitate promoted macrophages' paracrine effects on SMC proliferation, migration, and phenotypic change. The effect of stimulated macrophages was mediated, at least in part, by BMP2 and BMP4. These results suggest a novel mechanism linking saturated fatty acids and the progression of vascular diseases that is possibly mediated by BMPs from macrophages.
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