ArticleJournal of women's health (2002)2012
Risk factors for smoking in rural women.
Article in Journal of women's health (2002), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Appalachian Primary Care Patients' Quit Readiness and Tobacco Treatment Receipt.American journal of preventive medicine · 2025Trial
- Smoking- and menstrual-related symptomatology during short-term smoking abstinence by menstrual phase and depressive symptoms.Addictive behaviors · 2014Trial
- Demographic factors and rural residence history associated with smoking history.Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners · 2026Article
- Identifying risk factors for adverse lung health outcomes among rural Appalachian women.The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2025Article
- A cluster randomized controlled trial for a multi-level, clinic-based smoking cessation program with women in Appalachian communities: study protocol for the "Break Free" program.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2022Article
- Reconceptualising precision public health.BMJ open · 2019Article
- A social-contextual investigation of smoking among rural women: multi-level factors associated with smoking status and considerations for cessation.Rural and remote health · 2018Article
- Depression, Smoking, and Ego-Centric Social Network Characteristics in Ohio Appalachian Women.Rural mental health · 2017Article
- Risk Factors for Smoking in Rural Women: The Role of Gender-Based Sexual and Intimate Partner Violence.Journal of women's health (2002) · 2016Article
- Stress is a principal factor that promotes tobacco use in females.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2016Review
- Smoking Behaviors Among Urban and Rural Pregnant Women Enrolled in the Kansas WIC Program.Journal of community health · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study examined the association between social, demographic, and psychologic factors and smoking status among Appalachian Ohio women. A secondary aim examined whether specific factors could be identified and segmented for future tailored treatment of tobacco dependence.
methodsA cross-sectional survey (n=570) obtained information about social, demographic, and psychologic factors and smoking. Logistic regression described associations between these characteristics and smoking status. Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) analyses identified subgroups at risk for smoking.
resultsFifty-two percent never smoked, with 20.5% and 27.5% categorized as former and current smokers, respectively. Women with low adult socioeconomic position (SEP) were more likely to smoke (odds ratio [OR] 3.05, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.74-5.34) compared to high SEP women. Other factors associated with current smoking included age 31-50 (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.22-4.33), age 18-30 (OR 3.29, 95% CI 1.72-5.34), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale (CES-D) score≥16 (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.31-3.05), and first pregnancy at age<20 (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.14-2.66). The prevalence of smoking was 50% among those with four or more risk factors compared to 10% for those reporting no risk factors. CHAID analyses identified low adult SEP and depressive symptoms as the combination of risk factors most strongly associated with smoking; 49.3% of women in this subgroup currently smoked.
conclusionsLow SEP in adulthood, maternal circumstances, and depressive symptoms are associated with current smoking. Tailored cessation interventions that address these risk factors should be developed and further evaluated in an attempt to reduce disparities in smoking prevalence among this vulnerable group of women.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.