ReviewCold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology2012
Ultrastructure of synapses in the mammalian brain.
Review in Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 240 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
240 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 428 citations in OpenAlex.
- Synaptic Loss in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Human Post-mortem Studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Gestational Hypoxia Disrupts Medial Ganglionic Eminence Progenitor Dynamics and Interneuron Development in Schizophrenia.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Dorsal horn DCC amplification loop induced by endplate osteoclasts generates chronic nociplastic low back pain in male mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- NMDA receptor-dependent structural plasticity links early life stress to persistent aggression.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Review
- Liprin-α family proteins and their cellular functions.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Selective alterations in CA1 spine morphology following dietary fructose intake.Brain structure & function · 2026Article
- Differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exhibit neuronal features but lack synaptic maturity.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Article
- Subcellular Structures in Native Hippocampal Synapses Revealed by Cryo-electron Tomography.Neuroscience bulletin · 2026Article
- Empagliflozin Attenuates Global Cerebral Ischemic Injury After Cardiac Arrest Through Enhancing Ketone Body Oxidative Metabolism in Rats.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- The NMDAR/TRPM4 death complex is a major promoter of disease progression in the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Calcium signaling and postsynaptic density dynamics: the roles of calmodulin in synaptic protein regulation.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Active Zone: Linking Resolution Levels of Microscopic Modalities.Advances in neurobiology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic explanation of neuroplasticity using equivalent circuits.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2026Article
- Tracking Synaptic Vesicles in Live Neurons Using Single-Molecule Super-resolution Microscopy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Mapping heterogeneous region- and tissue-specific brain ageing patterns using quantitative MRI.Brain communications · 2026Article
- Phase separation instead of binding strength determines target specificities of MAGUKs.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- All-optical visualization of specific molecules in the ultrastructural context of brain tissue.Nature biotechnology · 2025Article
- Calcium dynamics in small spaces: Lessons learned from modeling in dendritic spines.Biophysical journal · 2025Review
- Article
180 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The morphology and molecular composition of synapses provide the structural basis for synaptic function. This article reviews the electron microscopy of excitatory synapses on dendritic spines, using data from rodent hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellar cortex. Excitatory synapses have a prominent postsynaptic density, in contrast with inhibitory synapses, which have less dense presynaptic or postsynaptic specializations and are usually found on the cell body or proximal dendritic shaft. Immunogold labeling shows that the presynaptic active zone provides a scaffold for key molecules involved in the release of neurotransmitter, whereas the postsynaptic density contains ligand-gated ionic channels, other receptors, and a complex network of signaling molecules. Delineating the structure and molecular organization of these axospinous synapses represents a crucial step toward understanding the mechanisms that underlie synaptic transmission and the dynamic modulation of neurotransmission associated with short- and long-term synaptic plasticity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.