ArticleBMJ open2012
The Peru Urban versus Rural Asthma (PURA) Study: methods and baseline quality control data from a cross-sectional investigation into the prevalence, severity, genetics, immunology and environmental factors affecting asthma in adolescence in Peru.
Article in BMJ open, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effectiveness and implementation of a multi-faceted intervention to facilitate adoption of asthma self-management practices in Peruvian children and adolescents: a hybrid type 2 individually randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- Prevalence and risk factors for allergic rhinitis in two resource-limited settings in Peru with disparate degrees of urbanization.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2015Trial
- 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels are associated with childhood asthma in a population-based study in Peru.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2015Trial
- Role of exhaled nitric oxide as a predictor of atopy.Respiratory research · 2013Trial
- Association between IL1RL1 gene polymorphisms and allergic rhinitis risk in the Chinese Han population.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Article
- [History of atopy reduces predictive value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide for eosinophilic airway inflammation in chronic cough].Nan fang yi ke da xue xue bao = Journal of Southern Medical University · 2022Article
- Prevalence of self-reported asthma in adults in the Brazilian Amazon: a population-based cross-sectional study.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2020Article
- Revealing the air pollution burden associated with internal Migration in Peru.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Drug Hypersensitivity After Sequencing of the Promoter Area in 16 Genes of the Vitamin D Pathway and the High-Affinity IgE Receptor.Frontiers in genetics · 2019Article
- Article
- Modeling Study of the Particulate Matter in Lima with the WRF-Chem Model: Case Study of April 2016.International journal of applied engineering research : IJAER · 2018Article
- Whole Blood Cytokine Response to Local Traffic-Related Particulate Matter in Peruvian Children With and Without Asthma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2017Article
- Particularities of allergy in the Tropics.The World Allergy Organization journal · 2016Review
- Association Between Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels and Blood Pressure Among Adolescents in Two Resource-Limited Settings in Peru.American journal of hypertension · 2015Article
- Management of NCD in low- and middle-income countries.Global heart · 2014Review
- A community-based cluster randomized survey of noncommunicable disease and risk factors in a peri-urban shantytown in Lima, Peru.BMC international health and human rights · 2014Article
- Article
- Prevalence of asthma, rhinitis and eczema symptoms in rural and urban school-aged children from Oropeza Province - Bolivia: a cross-sectional study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2014Article
- Association between low vitamin D levels and the diagnosis of asthma in children: a systematic review of cohort studies.Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2014Article
- Operational definitions of asthma in recent epidemiological studies are inconsistent.Clinical and translational allergy · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesAccording to a large-scale international survey, Peru has one of the highest prevalences of asthma worldwide; however, data from this survey were limited to participants from urban Lima. The authors sought to characterise the epidemiology of asthma in Peru in two regions with disparate degrees of urbanisation. In this manuscript, the authors summarise the study design and implementation.
designA cross-sectional study.
participantsUsing census data of 13-15-year-old adolescents from two communities in Peru, the authors invited a random sample of participants in Lima (n=725) and all adolescents in Tumbes (n=716) to participate in our study. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The authors asked participants to complete a questionnaire on asthma symptoms, environmental exposures and socio-demographics and to undergo spirometry before and after bronchodilator, skin allergy testing and exhaled nitric oxide testing. The authors obtained blood samples for haematocrit, total IgE levels, vitamin D levels and DNA in all participants and measured indoor particulate matter concentrations for 48 h in a random subset of 70-100 households at each site.
resultsOf 1851 eligible participants, 1441 (78%) were enrolled and 1159 (80% of enrolled) completed all physical tests. 1283 (89%) performed spirometry according to standard guidelines, of which 86% of prebronchodilator tests and 92% of postbronchodilator tests were acceptable and reproducible. 92% of allergy skin tests had an adequate negative control. The authors collected blood from 1146 participants (79%) and saliva samples from 148 participants (9%). Overall amounts of DNA obtained from blood or saliva were 25.8 μg, with a 260/280 ratio of 1.86.
conclusionsThis study will contribute to the characterisation of a variety of risk factors for asthma, including urbanisation, total IgE levels, vitamin D levels and candidate genes, in a resource-poor setting. The authors present data to support high quality of survey, allergic, spirometric and genetic data collected in our study.
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.