ArticleEndocrinology2012
Development, sex steroid regulation, and phenotypic characterization of RFamide-related peptide (Rfrp) gene expression and RFamide receptors in the mouse hypothalamus.
Article in Endocrinology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 125 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reproduction under Siege: How Chronic Stress Hijacks the HPG Axis?Neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Sex-Specific Role of NPVF Signalling in Homeostatic Control.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Divergent Photoperiodic Responses in HypothalamicAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Chemogenetic Activation of RFRP Neurons Reduces LH Pulse Frequency in Female but not Male Mice.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- The Role of RFRP Neurons in the Allostatic Control of Reproductive Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Developmental sex differences in the peri-pubertal pattern of hypothalamic reproductive gene expression, including Kiss1 and Tac2, may contribute to sex differences in puberty onset.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2022Article
- Regulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron during stress.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2022Review
- Androgen receptor positively regulates gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor in pituitary gonadotropes.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2021Article
- Daily and Estral Regulation of RFRP-3 Neurons in the Female Mice.Journal of circadian rhythms · 2021Article
- Growth Hormone Pulses and Liver Gene Expression Are Differentially Regulated by the Circadian Clock Gene Bmal1.Endocrinology · 2021Article
- RFamide-Related Peptide Neurons Modulate Reproductive Function and Stress Responses.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Neuropeptidergic and Neuroendocrine Systems Underlying Eusociality and the Concomitant Social Regulation of Reproduction in Naked Mole-Rats: A Comparative Approach.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Gonadotropin Inhibitory Hormone and Its Receptor: Potential Key to the Integration and Coordination of Metabolic Status and Reproduction.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Review
- Expression of genes for Kisspeptin (KISS1), Neurokinin B (TAC3), Prodynorphin (PDYN), and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (RFRP) across natural puberty in ewes.Physiological reports · 2020Article
- Time-of-day-dependent sensitivity of the reproductive axis to RFamide-related peptide-3 inhibition in female Syrian hamsters.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2019Article
- The effects of supraphysiological levels of testosterone on neural networks upstream of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2019Article
- Functional Implications of RFRP-3 in the Central Control of Daily and Seasonal Rhythms in Reproduction.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2019Review
- The roles of RFamide-related peptides (RFRPs), mammalian gonadotropin-inhibitory hormone (GnIH) orthologues in female reproduction.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2018Review
- Stress rapidly suppresses in vivo LH pulses and increases activation of RFRP-3 neurons in male miceThe Journal of endocrinology · 2018Article
- Gonadotrophin-inhibitory hormone and its mammalian orthologue RFamide-related peptide-3: Discovery and functional implications for reproduction and stress.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Arginine-phenylalanine-amide (RFamide)-related peptide 3 (RFRP-3, encoded by the Rfrp gene) is the mammalian ortholog of gonadotropin-inhibiting hormone and can inhibit GnRH neuronal activity and LH release. However, the development and regulation of the RFRP-3 system in both sexes is poorly understood. Using in situ hybridization, we examined changes in Rfrp-expressing neurons in mice of both sexes during development and under different adulthood hormonal milieus. We found no sex differences in Rfrp expression or cell number in adult mice. Interestingly, we identified two interspersed subpopulations of Rfrp cells (high Rfrp-expressing, HE; low Rfrp-expressing, LE), which have unique developmental and steroidal regulation characteristics. The number of LE cells robustly decreases during postnatal development, whereas HE cell number increases significantly before puberty. Using Bax knockout mice, we determined that the dramatic developmental decrease in LE Rfrp cells is not due primarily to BAX-dependent apoptosis. In adults, we found that estradiol and testosterone moderately repress Rfrp expression in both HE and LE cells, whereas the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone has no effect. Using double-label in situ hybridization, we determined that approximately 25% of Rfrp neurons coexpress estrogen receptor-α in each sex, whereas Rfrp cells do not readily express androgen receptor in either sex, regardless of hormonal milieu. Lastly, when we looked at RFRP-3 receptors, we detected some coexpression of Gpr147 but no coexpression of Gpr74 in GnRH neurons of both intact and gonadectomized males and females. Thus, RFRP-3 may exert its effects on reproduction either directly, via Gpr147 in a subset of GnRH neurons, and/or indirectly, via upstream regulators of GnRH.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.