Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22355048›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2012

Reflex immunohistochemistry and microsatellite instability testing of colorectal tumors for Lynch syndrome among US cancer programs and follow-up of abnormal results.

Laura C Beamer, Marcia L Grant, Carin R Espenschied, Kathleen R Blazer, Heather L Hampel, Jeffrey N Weitzel, Deborah J MacDonald

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
108citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

108 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Which Lynch syndrome screening programs could be implemented in the "real world"? A systematic review of economic evaluations.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2018
    Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
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  5. Therapeutic targeting of mismatch repair-deficient cancers.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2025
    Review
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  16. Health equity in the implementation of genomics and precision medicine: A public health imperative.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2022
    Review
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  20. Article

48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Laura C BeamerCity of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
Marcia L Grant
Carin R Espenschied
Kathleen R Blazer
Heather L Hampel
Jeffrey N Weitzel
Deborah J MacDonald

Funding

CLINICAL CANCER GENETICS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMR25CA085771 · NCI · CITY OF HOPE/BECKMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI WEITZEL, JEFFREY N · 2001 to 2010
$3.8M
Community Cancer Genetics and Research Training (Revision)R25CA112486 · NCI · CITY OF HOPE/BECKMAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI WEITZEL, JEFFREY N · 2005 to 2009
$1.0M
NCI NIH HHS R25 CA085771NCI NIH HHS R25CA085771NCI NIH HHS R25 CA112486NCI NIH HHS R25CA112486
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeImmunohistochemistry (IHC) for MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 protein expression and microsatellite instability (MSI) are well-established tools to screen for Lynch syndrome (LS). Although many cancer centers have adopted these tools as reflex LS screening after a colorectal cancer diagnosis, the standard of care has not been established, and no formal studies have described this practice in the United States. The purpose of this study was to describe prevalent practices regarding IHC/MSI reflex testing for LS in the United States and the subsequent follow-up of abnormal results. MATERIALS AND

methodsA 12-item survey was developed after interdisciplinary expert input. A letter of invitation, survey, and online-survey option were sent to a contact at each cancer program. A modified Dillman strategy was used to maximize the response rate. The sample included 39 National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers (NCI-CCCs), 50 randomly selected American College of Surgeons-accredited Community Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Programs (COMPs), and 50 Community Hospital Cancer Programs (CHCPs).

resultsThe overall response rate was 50%. Seventy-one percent of NCI-CCCs, 36% of COMPs, and 15% of CHCPs were conducting reflex IHC/MSI for LS; 48% of the programs used IHC, 14% of the programs used MSI, and 38% of the programs used both IHC and MSI. One program used a presurgical information packet, four programs offered an opt-out option, and none of the programs required written consent.

conclusionAlthough most NCI-CCCs use reflex IHC/MSI to screen for LS, this practice is not well-adopted by community hospitals. These findings may indicate an emerging standard of care and diffusion from NCI-CCC to community cancer programs. Our findings also described an important trend away from requiring written patient consent for screening.

Indexed as

Microsatellite InstabilityAdultAgedColorectal NeoplasmsColorectal Neoplasms, Hereditary NonpolyposisCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGenetic TestingHealth Care SurveysHumansImmunohistochemistryInformed ConsentLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedProgram Evaluation

Identifiers

PMID22355048
PMCPMC3341150

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.