ArticleBMC research notes2012
Immunohistochemical expression of epithelial and stromal immunomodulatory signalling molecules is a prognostic indicator in breast cancer.
Article in BMC research notes, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification ofFrontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- The Role of TGF-β in Bone Metastases.Biomolecules · 2021Review
- An emerging role for cellular crosstalk in the cancer stem cell niche.The Journal of pathology · 2021Review
- Cancer stem cells and their niche in the progression of squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer science · 2020Review
- Tumor-initiating cells establish an IL-33-TGF-β niche signaling loop to promote cancer progression.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2020Article
- CD26 expression is attenuated by TGF-β and SDF-1 autocrine signaling on stromal myofibroblasts in human breast cancers.Cancer medicine · 2019Article
- Prognostic role of Tif1γ expression and circulating tumor cells in patients with breast cancer.Molecular medicine reports · 2019Article
- Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition transcription factors in cancer-associated fibroblasts.Molecular oncology · 2017Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells: key players in cancer progression.Molecular cancer · 2017Review
- Stromal Modulators of TGF-β in Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2017Review
- TIF1γ interferes with TGFβ1/SMAD4 signaling to promote poor outcome in operable breast cancer patients.BMC cancer · 2015Article
- Blockade of MMP14 activity in murine breast carcinomas: implications for macrophages, vessels, and radiotherapy.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2015Article
- Cellular Expression of Cyclooxygenase, Aromatase, Adipokines, Inflammation and Cell Proliferation Markers in Breast Cancer Specimen.PloS one · 2015Article
- Relationship between IL-10 expression and prognosis in patients with primary breast cancer.Tumour biology : the journal of the International Society for Oncodevelopmental Biology and Medicine · 2014Article
- Stromal, rather than epithelial cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression is associated with overall survival of breast cancer patients.BMC cancer · 2014Article
- Insidious changes in stromal matrix fuel cancer progression.Molecular cancer research : MCR · 2014Review
- Role of TGF-Advances in bioscience and biotechnology (Print) · 2013Article
- CCL2/CCR2 chemokine signaling coordinates survival and motility of breast cancer cells through Smad3 protein- and p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent mechanisms.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe immune system has paradoxical roles during cancer development and the prognostic significance of immune modulating factors is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF- beta), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and their prognostic significance in breast cancers. Ki67 was included as a measure of growth fraction of tumor cells.
methodsOn immunohistochemical stained slides from 38 breast cancer patients, we performed digital video analysis of tumor cell areas and adjacent tumor stromal areas from the primary tumors and their corresponding lymph node metastases. COX-2 was recorded as graded staining intensity.
resultsThe expression of TGF-beta, IL-10 and Ki67 were recorded in tumor cell areas and adjacent tumor stromal areas. In both primary tumors and metastases, the expression of COX-2 was higher in the tumor stromal areas than in the tumor cell areas (both P < 0.001). High stromal staining intensity in the primary tumors was associated with a 3.9 (95% CI 1.1-14.2) times higher risk of death compared to the low staining group (P = 0.036). The expression of TGF-beta was highest in the tumor cell areas of both primary tumors and metastases (both P < 0.001). High stromal expression of TGF-beta was associated with increased mortality. For IL-10, the stromal expression was highest in the primary tumors (P < 0.001), whereas in the metastases the expression was highest in tumor cell areas (P < 0.001). High IL-10 expression in tumor- and stromal cell areas of primary tumors predicted mortality. Ki67 was higher expressed in tumor stromal areas of the metastases, and in tumor cell areas of the primary tumors (P < 0.001). Ki67 expression in tumor cell areas and stromal areas of the metastases was independently associated with breast cancer mortality.
conclusionsStromal expression of COX-2, TGF-beta and Ki67 may facilitate tumor progression in breast cancer.
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