Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22352396›Full record

ArticleJournal of experimental psychology. General2012

Predicting word reading and comprehension with executive function and speed measures across development: a latent variable analysis.

Micaela E Christopher, Akira Miyake, Janice M Keenan, Bruce Pennington, John C DeFries, Sally J Wadsworth, Erik Willcutt, Richard K Olson

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of experimental psychology. General, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
105citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

105 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. Phonological working memory and linguistic processing speed in inferential reading comprehension.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
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  15. Cerebellar Neuromodulation Impacts Reading Fluency in Young Adults.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. The behavioral and neurobiological relationships between executive function and reading: A review and preliminary findings.Mind, brain and education : the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society · 2023
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Executive Functions and Morphological Awareness Explain the Shared Variance Between Word Reading and Listening Comprehension.Scientific studies of reading : the official journal of the Society for the Scientific Study of Reading · 2023
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  20. Article

45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Micaela E ChristopherDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder.
Akira MiyakeDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder.ORCID 0000-0003-4671-7843
Janice M KeenanDepartment of Psychology, University of Denver.
Bruce PenningtonDepartment of Psychology, University of Denver.
John C DeFriesDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder.
Sally J WadsworthDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder.
Erik WillcuttDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder.
Richard K OlsonDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder.

Funding

VALIDITY OF SUBTYPES OF ADHDP50HD027802 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI ERIK G WILLCUTT · 1990 to 2026
$44.9M
Longitudinal Twin Study of Early Reading Development (supplement)R01HD038526 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO AT BOULDER · PI OLSON, RICHARD K · 2000 to 2010
$4.2M
Etiology and Neuropsychology of Math, Reading, ADHD, and their CovariationR01HD068728 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO · PI PETRILL, STEPHEN A., WILLCUTT, ERIK G · 2011 to 2015
$3.0M
NICHD NIH HHS HD027802NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD027802NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD038526NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD068728
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The present study explored whether different executive control and speed measures (working memory, inhibition, processing speed, and naming speed) independently predict individual differences in word reading and reading comprehension. Although previous studies suggest these cognitive constructs are important for reading, the authors analyze the constructs simultaneously to test whether each is a unique predictor. Latent variables from 483 participants (ages 8-16 years) were used to portion each cognitive and reading construct into its unique and shared variance. In these models 2 specific issues are addressed: (a) Given that the wide age range may span the theoretical transition from "learning to read" to "reading to learn," the authors first test whether the relation between word reading and reading comprehension is stable across 2 age groups (ages 8-10 and 11-16); and (b) the main theoretical question of interest: whether what is shared and what is separable for word reading and reading comprehension are associated with individual differences in working memory, inhibition, and measures of processing and naming speed. The results indicated that (a) the relation between word reading and reading comprehension is largely invariant across the age groups, and (b) working memory and general processing speed, but not inhibition or the speeded naming of non-alphanumeric stimuli, are unique predictors of both word reading and comprehension, with working memory equally important for both reading abilities and processing speed more important for word reading. These results have implications for understanding why reading comprehension and word reading are highly correlated yet separable

Indexed as

ReadingAdolescentAdolescent DevelopmentAge FactorsChildChild DevelopmentComprehensionExecutive FunctionFemaleHumansIndividualityInhibition, PsychologicalMaleMemory, Short-TermNeuropsychological Tests

Identifiers

PMID22352396
PMCPMC3360115

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.