ReviewOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2012
The effects of smoking on bone metabolism.
Review in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 259 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and risk factors of postmenopausal osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis based on multivariate logistic regression.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- The association between smoking and clinical outcomes among spondylodesis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Smoking and Dental Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Pooled it
- Comprehensive metabolic characterization of serum osteocalcin action in a large non-diabetic sample.PloS one · 2017Trial
- Two-year outcomes on bone density and fracture incidence in patients with T2DM randomized to bariatric surgery versus intensive medical therapy.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2015Trial
- Bone mineral density, prolactin, estradiol, testosterone levels and related research in male chronic patients with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Smoking, Alcohol Use, and Low Back Pain: A Large-Scale Study Identifying a Synergistic Lifestyle Risk.Global spine journal · 2026Article
- Observational
- Weight changes after smoking cessation and the risk of hip fractures: a nationwide population-based cohort study.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Article
- Patterns of disparity: age and socioeconomic differences in women's smoking and quitting outcomes in Great Britain.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Smoking significantly impairs clinical outcome following anterior cervical radiculopathy surgery.Brain & spine · 2026Article
- Article
- Article
- Clinical insights into the role of smoking, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis in osteoporotic fractures.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Review
- Nicotine, tobacco smoking, and pain in orthopedic trauma settings: a conceptual framework for practice and research.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2025Review
- Validation of an osteoporosis self-assessment tool for Vietnamese postmenopausal women and men over 50 years.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2025Article
- Targeted inhibition of ferroptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by engineered exosomes alleviates bone loss in smoking-related osteoporosis.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Mo and Sn exposure associated with the increased of bone mineral density.Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine · 2025Article
- Update on the role of bone turnover markers in the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis: a consensus paper from The European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO), International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF), and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC).Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Review
- Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common, morbid and costly disorder characterized by deterioration in bone strength. Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. There are basic, clinical, and observational studies that define several of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms that predispose smokers to bone loss. Such mechanisms include alterations in calciotropic hormone metabolism and intestinal calcium absorption, dysregulation in sex hormone production and metabolism, alterations in adrenal cortical hormone metabolism and in the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) system (RANK-RANKL-OPG system), and direct cellular effects of cigarette use on bone cells. In addition, there is evidence of reversibility in the aforementioned mechanisms with smoking cessation. In summary, cigarette smoking is a reversible risk factor for osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures through diverse pathophysiologic mechanisms.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.