ArticleJournal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England)2012
Six-month low level chlorine dioxide gas inhalation toxicity study with two-week recovery period in rats.
Article in Journal of occupational medicine and toxicology (London, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Stability of Chlorite Ion in Electrospun Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Fibers: pH-Responsive Chlorine Dioxide Release.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Method to Generate Chlorine Dioxide Gas In Situ for Sterilization of Automated Incubators.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Formulation of Chlorine-Dioxide-Releasing Nanofibers for Disinfection in Humid and CONanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- In vitro study of chlorine dioxide on porcine intestinal epithelial cell gene markers.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
- Article
- New Countermeasures Against Infections with/after COVID-19: Is Chlorine Dioxide a Useful and Safe Disinfectant?Juntendo Iji zasshi = Juntendo medical journal · 2022Article
- A review of methods to reduce the probability of the airborne spread of COVID-19 in ventilation systems and enclosed spaces.Environmental research · 2022Review
- Effects of continuous exposure to low concentration of ClORegenerative therapy · 2020Article
- Effect of extremely low-concentration gaseous chlorine dioxide against surface Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii in wet conditions on glass dishes.BMC research notes · 2020Article
- Low-cost, Small-scale Decontamination of Laboratory Equipment by Using Chlorine Dioxide Gas.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2019Article
- Factors in the Selection of Surface Disinfectants for Use in a Laboratory Animal Setting.Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS · 2016Article
- Acute oral toxicity and mucosal irritation of a mouthwash containing chlorhexidine and chlorine dioxide in animal models.Journal of oral biology and craniofacial researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChlorine dioxide (CD) gas has a potent antimicrobial activity at extremely low concentration and may serve as a new tool for infection control occupationally as well as publicly. However, it remains unknown whether the chronic exposure of CD gas concentration effective against microbes is safe. Therefore, long-term, low concentration CD gas inhalation toxicity was studied in rats as a six-month continuous whole-body exposure followed by a two-week recovery period, so as to prove that the CD gas exposed up to 0.1 ppm (volume ratio) is judged as safe on the basis of a battery of toxicological examinations.
methodsCD gas at 0.05 ppm or 0.1 ppm for 24 hours/day and 7 days/week was exposed to rats for 6 months under an unrestrained condition with free access to chow and water in a chamber so as to simulate the ordinary lifestyle in human. The control animals were exposed to air only. During the study period, the body weight as well as the food and water consumptions were recorded. After the 6-month exposure and the 2-week recovery period, animals were sacrificed and a battery of toxicological examinations, including biochemistry, hematology, necropsy, organ weights and histopathology, were performed.
resultsWell regulated levels of CD gas were exposed throughout the chamber over the entire study period. No CD gas-related toxicity sign was observed during the whole study period. No significant difference was observed in body weight gain, food and water consumptions, and relative organ weight. In biochemistry and hematology examinations, changes did not appear to be related to CD gas toxicity. In necropsy and histopathology, no CD gas-related toxicity was observed even in expected target respiratory organs.
conclusionsCD gas up to 0.1 ppm, exceeding the level effective against microbes, exposed to whole body in rats continuously for six months was not toxic, under a condition simulating the conventional lifestyle in human.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.