ArticlePloS one2012
Cigarette smoking in male patients with chronic schizophrenia in a Chinese population: prevalence and relationship to clinical phenotypes.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- The effect of nicotine dependence on psychopathology in patients with schizophrenia.BioMed research international · 2015Trial
- Harmful alcohol use and associated factors among patients with neuropsychiatric disorders in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of mental health systems · 2026Article
- Demographic, biochemical, clinical, and cognitive symptom differences between smokers and non-smokers in Chinese older male patients with chronic schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Survey and analysis of the prevalence of tobacco use among patients with severe mental illness at a tertiary specialized psychiatric medical center in China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Nicotine's Effects on Schizophrenia-like Symptoms in a Mice Model: Time Matters.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Clinical characteristics of obese, fixed airway obstruction, exacerbation-prone phenotype and comorbidities among severe asthma patients: a single-center study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Correlation between theFrontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Alcohol drinking in male patients with chronic schizophrenia: prevalence and its relationship to clinical symptoms.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Demographics, clinical characteristics and cognitive symptoms of heavy smokers and non-heavy smokers in Chinese male patients with chronic schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Article
- Prevalence and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in inpatients with schizophrenia in Wuhan, China.World journal of psychiatry · 2022Article
- Article
- Cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 3 subunit polymorphisms and smoking in male Chinese patients with schizophrenia.EC psychology and psychiatry · 2021Article
- Association of cigarette smoking with cognitive impairment in male patients with chronic schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Profiles of Impulsivity in Problematic Internet Users and Cigarette Smokers.Frontiers in psychology · 2019Article
- Nicotine dependence in community-dwelling Chinese patients with schizophrenia.General psychiatry · 2019Article
- Nicotine consumption during the prodromal phase of schizophrenia - a review of the literature.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2019Article
- Obesity, altered oxidative stress, and clinical correlates in chronic schizophrenia patients.Translational psychiatry · 2018Article
- Nicotine dependence in Croatian male inpatients with schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2018Article
- Naltrexone and Bupropion Combination Treatment for Smoking Cessation and Weight Loss in Patients With Schizophrenia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The high prevalence of smoking in schizophrenia of European background may be related to smoking's reducing clinical symptoms and medication side effects. Because smoking prevalence and its associations with clinical phenotypes are less well characterized in Chinese than European patients with schizophrenia, we assessed these smoking behaviors using clinician-administered questionnaires and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) in 776 Chinese male schizophrenia and 560 control subjects. Patients also were rated on the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), the Simpson and Angus Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (SAES), and the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS). We found that the schizophrenia patients had a higher lifetime incidence of smoking (79% vs 63%), were more likely to be heavy smokers (61% vs 31%), and had lower smoking cessation rates (4% vs 9%) (all p<0.0001) than controls. Among the schizophrenia patients smoking prevalence increased with age, with the largest difference from controls in the age cohort of 55-75 years: 75% vs 46% (p<0.0001). Among the schizophrenia smokers 73% started to smoke before the onset of their illness by an average of 7.6 years. The patients with schizophrenia who were current smokers scored significantly lower on the PANSS negative symptom subscore (p<0.005), and on the SAES symptom scale (p<0.04; Bonferroni corrected p>0.05) than the non-smoking patients. These results suggest that Chinese males with schizophrenia smoke more frequently than the general population. Further, smokers with schizophrenia may display fewer negative symptoms and possibly less parkinsonism than non-smokers with schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.