Trial reportPLoS pathogens2012
Characterising the mucosal and systemic immune responses to experimental human hookworm infection.
Trial report in PLoS pathogens, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccination of human participants with attenuated Necator americanus hookworm larvae and human challenge in Australia: a dose-finding study and randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial of Experimental Hookworm Infection for Improving Gluten Tolerance in Celiac Disease.Clinical and translational gastroenterology · 2020Trial
- Impact of experimental hookworm infection on the human gut microbiota.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Comparison Between Phenotypic Profile and Functional Aspects of IL-9-Producing Lymphocytes, Th17 and Tfh of Individuals From Endemic and Non-Endemic Areas for Hookworm Infection.Parasite immunology · 2026Article
- Controlled human hookworm infection remodels plasmacytoid dendritic cells and regulatory T cells towards profiles seen in natural infections in endemic areas.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Dysbiosis of lower respiratory tract microbiome are associated with proinflammatory states in non-small cell lung cancer patients.Thoracic cancer · 2024Article
- Comparative transcriptomics from intestinal cells of permissive and non-permissive hosts duringParasitology · 2023Article
- Urinary neopterin reflects immunological variation associated with age, helminth parasitism, and the microbiome in a wild primate.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Tissue-specific immunity in helminth infections.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Effects of helminths on the human immune response and the microbiome.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Profiles of CD4Medical microbiology and immunology · 2022Article
- Comparison of percutaneous vs oral infection of hamsters with the hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum: Parasite development, pathology and primary immune response.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Hookworm infection associates with a vaginal Type 1/Type 2 immune signature and increased HPV load.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The yin and yang of human soil-transmitted helminth infections.International journal for parasitology · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2 and helminth co-infections, and environmental pollution exposure: An epidemiological and immunological perspective.Environment international · 2021Review
- Parasitic helminth infections in humans modulate Trefoil Factor levels in a manner dependent on the species of parasite and age of the host.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Immune System Investigation Using Parasitic Helminths.Annual review of immunology · 2021Review
- Review
- Searching for the one(s): Using Probiotics as Anthelmintic Treatments.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The mucosal cytokine response of healthy humans to parasitic helminths has never been reported. We investigated the systemic and mucosal cytokine responses to hookworm infection in experimentally infected, previously hookworm naive individuals from non-endemic areas. We collected both peripheral blood and duodenal biopsies to assess the systemic immune response, as well as the response at the site of adult worm establishment. Our results show that experimental hookworm infection leads to a strong systemic and mucosal Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13) and regulatory (IL-10 and TGF-β) response, with some evidence of a Th1 (IFN-γ and IL-2) response. Despite upregulation after patency of both IL-15 and ALDH1A2, a known Th17-inducing combination in inflammatory diseases, we saw no evidence of a Th17 (IL-17) response. Moreover, we observed strong suppression of mucosal IL-23 and upregulation of IL-22 during established hookworm infection, suggesting a potential mechanism by which Th17 responses are suppressed, and highlighting the potential that hookworms and their secreted proteins offer as therapeutics for human inflammatory diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.