ArticleJournal of virology2012
Anti-HIV-1 activity of elafin is more potent than its precursor's, trappin-2, in genital epithelial cells.
Article in Journal of virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiviral efficacy of Trappin-2/Elafin against Zika virus in the human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Update on antimicrobial peptides: key elements inThe Journal of general virology · 2025Review
- Elafin and its precursor trappin-2: What is their therapeutic potential for intestinal diseases?British journal of pharmacology · 2023Review
- Review
- Transglutaminase 2 as a Marker for Inflammation and Therapeutic Target in Sepsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- A Caulobacter crescentus Microbicide Protects from Vaginal Infection with HIV-1Journal of virology · 2019Article
- A High-throughput Bead-based Affinity Assay Enables Analysis of Genital Protein Signatures in Women At Risk of HIV Infection.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2019Article
- Poly (I:C) and LPS induce distinct immune responses by ovarian stromal fibroblasts.Journal of reproductive immunology · 2018Article
- Generation of a Dual-Target, Safe, Inexpensive Microbicide that Protects Against HIV-1 and HSV-2 Disease.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Breastfeeding Behaviors and the Innate Immune System of Human Milk: Working Together to Protect Infants against Inflammation, HIV-1, and Other Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Cross-Sectional Analysis of Selected Genital Tract Immunological Markers and Molecular Vaginal Microbiota in Sub-Saharan African Women, with Relevance to HIV Risk and Prevention.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
- HIV-1 Structural Proteins Serve as PAMPs for TLR2 Heterodimers Significantly Increasing Infection and Innate Immune Activation.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Article
- High Expression of Antiviral Proteins in Mucosa from Individuals Exhibiting Resistance to Human Immunodeficiency Virus.PloS one · 2015Article
- HIV-Enhancing Factors Are Secreted by Reproductive Epithelia upon Inoculation with Bacterial Vaginosis-Associated Bacteria.Protein and peptide letters · 2015Article
- Innate immunity in the vagina (Part II): Anti-HIV activity and antiviral content of human vaginal secretions.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2014Article
- Acting locally: innate mucosal immunity in resistance to HIV-1 infection in Kenyan commercial sex workers.Mucosal immunology · 2014Article
- Antiviral activity of trappin-2 and elafin in vitro and in vivo against genital herpes.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Human rElafin Inhibits HIV-1 Replication in Its Natural Target Cells.BioResearch open access · 2013Article
- Natural Immunity to HIV: a delicate balance between strength and control.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cervicovaginal lavage fluid (CVL) is a natural source of anti-HIV-1 factors; however, molecular characterization of the anti-HIV-1 activity of CVL remains elusive. In this study, we confirmed that CVLs from HIV-1-resistant (HIV-R) compared to HIV-1-susceptible (HIV-S) commercial sex workers (CSWs) contain significantly larger amounts of serine antiprotease trappin-2 (Tr) and its processed form, elafin (E). We assessed anti-HIV-1 activity of CVLs of CSWs and recombinant E and Tr on genital epithelial cells (ECs) that possess (TZM-bl) or lack (HEC-1A) canonical HIV-1 receptors. Our results showed that immunodepletion of 30% of Tr/E from CVL accounted for up to 60% of total anti-HIV-1 activity of CVL. Knockdown of endogenous Tr/E in HEC-1A cells resulted in significantly increased shedding of infectious R5 and X4 HIV-1. Pretreatment of R5, but not X4 HIV-1, with either Tr or E led to inhibition of HIV-1 infection of TZM-bl cells. Interestingly, when either HIV-1 or cells lacking canonical HIV-1 receptors were pretreated with Tr or E, HIV-1 attachment and transcytosis were significantly reduced, and decreased attachment was not associated with altered expression of syndecan-1 or CXCR4. Determination of 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) of Tr and E anti-HIV-1 activity indicated that E is ∼130 times more potent than its precursor, Tr, despite their equipotent antiprotease activities. This study provides the first experimental evidence that (i) Tr and E are among the principal anti-HIV-1 molecules of CVL; (ii) Tr and E affect cell attachment and transcytosis of HIV-1; (iii) E is more efficient than Tr regarding anti-HIV-1 activity; and (iv) the anti-HIV-1 effect of Tr and E is contextual.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.