ArticleJournal of virology2012
Opposing effects of bacitracin on human papillomavirus type 16 infection: enhancement of binding and entry and inhibition of endosomal penetration.
Article in Journal of virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- The nuclear import receptor importin-7 targets HPV from the Golgi to the nucleus to promote infection.Science advances · 2025Article
- Article
- Functions and mechanisms of protein disulfide isomerase family in cancer emergence.Cell & bioscience · 2022Review
- Protamine Sulfate Is a Potent Inhibitor of Human Papillomavirus InfectionAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- HPV16 Entry into Epithelial Cells: Running a Gauntlet.Viruses · 2021Review
- Diverse Papillomavirus Types Induce Endosomal Tubulation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- Glutathione contributes to efficient post-Golgi trafficking of incoming HPV16 genome.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
- Molecular chaperones: from proteostasis to pathogenesis.The FEBS journal · 2018Article
- Translocation of the papillomavirus L2/vDNA complex across the limiting membrane requires the onset of mitosis.PLoS pathogens · 2017Article
- Review
- Furin Cleavage of L2 during Papillomavirus Infection: Minimal Dependence on Cyclophilins.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Opportunistic intruders: how viruses orchestrate ER functions to infect cells.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2016Review
- Review
- Interaction of human papillomavirus type 16 particles with heparan sulfate and syndecan-1 molecules in the keratinocyte extracellular matrix plays an active role in infection.The Journal of general virology · 2015Article
- Kallikrein-8 Proteolytically Processes Human Papillomaviruses in the Extracellular Space To Facilitate Entry into Host Cells.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- A bacterial toxin and a nonenveloped virus hijack ER-to-cytosol membrane translocation pathways to cause disease.Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology · 2015Review
- Article
- Coat as a dagger: the use of capsid proteins to perforate membranes during non-enveloped DNA viruses trafficking.Viruses · 2014Review
- Inhibition by cellular vacuolar ATPase impairs human papillomavirus uncoating and infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cell invasion by human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) is a complex process relying on multiple host cell factors. Here we describe an investigation into the role of cellular protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs) by studying the effects of the commonly used PDI inhibitor bacitracin on HPV16 infection. Bacitracin caused an unusual time-dependent opposing effect on viral infection. Enhanced cellular binding and entry were observed at early times of infection, while inhibition was observed at later times postentry. Bacitracin was rapidly taken up by host cells and colocalized with HPV16 at late times of infection. Bacitracin had no deleterious effect on HPV16 entry, capsid disassembly, exposure of L1/L2 epitopes, or lysosomal trafficking but caused a stark inhibition of L2/viral DNA (vDNA) endosomal penetration and accumulation at nuclear PML bodies. γ-Secretase has recently been implicated in the endosomal penetration of L2/vDNA, but bacitracin had no effect on γ-secretase activity, indicating that blockage of this step occurs through a γ-secretase-independent mechanism. Transient treatment with the reductant β-mercaptoethanol (β-ME) was able to partially rescue the virus from bacitracin, suggesting the involvement of a cellular reductase activity in HPV16 infection. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of cellular PDI and the related PDI family members ERp57 and ERp72 reveals a potential role for PDI and ERp72 in HPV infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.