ArticleTobacco control2012
Interventions to increase smoking cessation at the population level: how much progress has been made in the last two decades?
Article in Tobacco control, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The structural and functional brain alternations in tobacco use disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Long-term engagement in smoking cessation campaign: A mixed methods randomized trial.PloS one · 2025Trial
- Incremental Benefits of Multiple Tobacco Control Interventions: A Factorial Randomized Control Trial.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2020Trial
- Proactive Population Health Strategy to Offer Tobacco Dependence Treatment to Smokers in a Primary Care Practice Network.Journal of general internal medicine · 2019Trial
- Self-perceived ability to cope with stress and depressive mood without smoking predicts successful smoking cessation 12 months later in a quitline setting: a secondary analysis of a randomized trial.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Snus undermines quit attempts but not abstinence: a randomised clinical trial among US smokers.Tobacco control · 2017Trial
- An Online Documentary Film to Motivate Quit Attempts Among Smokers in the General Population (4Weeks2Freedom): A Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- Interpersonal Communication and Smoking Cessation in the Context of an Incentive-Based Program: Survey Evidence From a Telehealth Intervention in a Low-Income Population.Journal of health communication · 2016Trial
- Empowering smokers with a web-assisted tobacco intervention to use prescription smoking cessation medications: a feasibility trial.Implementation science : IS · 2015Trial
- An Algorithm Approach to Determining Smoking Cessation Treatment for Persons Living With HIV/AIDS: Results of a Pilot Trial.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Success rates with nicotine personal vaporizers: a prospective 6-month pilot study of smokers not intending to quit.BMC public health · 2014Trial
- Evaluating the effect of access to free medication to quit smoking: a clinical trial testing the role of motivation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2014Trial
- A co-creation approach to selecting and adapting adolescent tobacco and air-pollution interventions and strategies for implementation in diverse countries: insights from FRESHAIR4Life.Implementation science communications · 2026Article
- EVALI, anti-vaping advertising, quit attempts, and susceptibility: insights into the 2019 inflection point for U.S. adolescent vaping from California data.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Effect of Helpers Stay Quit Online Training on Preventing Smoking Relapse and Personal Networks: Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial and Embedded Mixed Methods Personal Network Study.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- A cognitive dissonance-based mobile app intervention for smoking cessation: A single-arm pilot trial.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Trends and burden of tobacco use in Nepal: Insights from the Global Burden of Disease study 1990-2021.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2026Article
- Association of a major tobacco tax increase in California with increased smoking cessation.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Sociodemographic, health-related, and external determinants of quit attempts among adult tobacco users: A cross-sectional study using a nationally representative sample in Oman.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
This paper reviews the literature on smoking cessation interventions, with a focus on the last 20 years (1991 to 2010). These two decades witnessed major development in a wide range of cessation interventions, from pharmacotherapy to tobacco price increases. It was expected that these interventions would work conjointly to increase the cessation rate on the population level. This paper examines population data from the USA, from 1991 to 2010, using the National Health Interview Surveys. Results indicate there is no consistent trend of increase in the population cessation rate over the last two decades. Various explanations are presented for this lack of improvement, and the key concept of impact = effectiveness × reach is critically examined. Finally, it suggests that the field of cessation has focused so much on developing and promoting interventions to improve smokers' odds of success that it has largely neglected to investigate how to get more smokers to try to quit and to try more frequently. Future research should examine whether increasing the rate of quit attempts would be key to improving the population cessation rate.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.