ArticleImmunity2012
The circadian clock controls toll-like receptor 9-mediated innate and adaptive immunity.
Article in Immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 254 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
254 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 426 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circadian Variation in the Response to Vaccination: A Systematic Review and Evidence Appraisal.Journal of biological rhythms · 2024Pooled it
- The impact of circadian rhythm on Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination effects on SARS-CoV-2 infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Trial
- NSAID chronotherapy after impacted third molar extraction: a randomized controlled trial.Oral and maxillofacial surgery · 2022Trial
- Blue Light Enhances Bacterial Clearance and Reduces Organ Injury During Sepsis.Critical care medicine · 2018Trial
- Morning vaccination enhances antibody response over afternoon vaccination: A cluster-randomised trial.Vaccine · 2016Trial
- Circadian Disruption Exacerbates Innate Immune Responses by Modulating the Bistability of Pro-Inflammatory Signaling: A Dynamical Modeling Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Short- and Long-Term Chrono-Immune Consequences of Dim Light at Night Exposure in Male Mice at Different Life Stages.Clocks & sleep · 2026Article
- Circadian gatekeepers of the gut-brain-immune axis: implications for neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Sleep interruption aggravates sepsis by rewiring the macrophage immune response.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Circadian rhythms and lung cancer biology and immunotherapy: Emerging opportunities and challenges.Chinese medical journal pulmonary and critical care medicine · 2026Review
- A temporal dialogue between the circadian clock and chronic inflammatory diseases.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Review
- The clockwork macrophage: Timing in innate immunity.Biomedical journal · 2026Review
- Temporal dynamics in cancer immunotherapy: the interplay between circadian rhythms, tumor microenvironment, and immune checkpoint blockade.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate heat stroke-induced hippocampal injury and modulate VIM-AS1-associated miR-34a-5p/Per2 signaling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The hallmarks of neuro-immune reprogramming in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Glycolytic-Cholesterol Subtypes of Severe Asthma Reveal Distinct Immune-Inflammatory and Metabolic Phenotypes.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Synchronizing immunity with time: unlocking the potential of chrono-immunotherapy in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Circadian immunoregulation in cutaneous wound healing: from immune cell temporal heterogeneity to chronotherapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Acute Sleep Deprivation and the Autoimmune TLR-BANK1 Pathway: Interplay with Gender and Emotional State.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Keeping up with the nicotinamides: NADP(H), the forgotten circadian cofactor that keeps metabolic time.Life metabolism · 2025Review
194 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Circadian rhythms refer to biologic processes that oscillate with a period of ~24 hr. These rhythms are sustained by a molecular clock and provide a temporal matrix that ensures the coordination of homeostatic processes with the periodicity of environmental challenges. We demonstrate the circadian molecular clock controls the expression and function of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). In a vaccination model using TLR9 ligand as adjuvant, mice immunized at the time of enhanced TLR9 responsiveness presented weeks later with an improved adaptive immune response. In a TLR9-dependent mouse model of sepsis, we found that disease severity was dependent on the timing of sepsis induction, coinciding with the daily changes in TLR9 expression and function. These findings unveil a direct molecular link between the circadian and innate immune systems with important implications for immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.