Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22342295›Full record

ArticleJournal of autoimmunity2012

Autoimmune disorders in women with turner syndrome and women with karyotypically normal primary ovarian insufficiency.

Vladimir K Bakalov, Liat Gutin, Clara M Cheng, Jian Zhou, Puja Sheth, Kavita Shah, Sruthi Arepalli, Vien Vanderhoof, Lawrence M Nelson, Carolyn A Bondy

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autoimmunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
7.4field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The extra X chromosome and autoimmune susceptibility in Klinefelter syndrome.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026
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  12. Autoimmune Disease is Increased in Women With Primary Ovarian Insufficiency.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

Vladimir K BakalovSection on Epigenetics & Development, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, 10 Center Dr. CRC 1-3330; Bethesda, MD 20892-1103, USA. bakalov@mail.nih.gov
Liat Gutin
Clara M Cheng
Jian Zhou
Puja Sheth
Kavita Shah
Sruthi Arepalli
Vien Vanderhoof
Lawrence M Nelson
Carolyn A Bondy
Health and Human Development (2HD) Research Network · CMEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development · USNational Institute of Child Health · HU

Funding

Gender-specific effects in physiology, pathophyiology and longevityZIAHD000628 · NICHD · EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · PI BONDY, CAROLYN A. · 2009 to 2013
$7.3M
Preconception Health and Reproductive Natural HistoryZIAHD000633 · NICHD · EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · PI NELSON, LAWRENCE M · 2009 to 2016
$7.1M
Intramural NIH HHS Z99 DA999999Intramural NIH HHS Z99 HD999999Intramural NIH HHS Z99 HL999999Intramural NIH HHS Z99 MH999999Intramural NIH HHS Z99 OD999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women compared to men could be due to effects of ovarian hormones, pregnancy and/or the presence of a second X chromosome. To elucidate the role of these factors, we investigated the prevalence and spectrum of autoimmune diagnoses in women with primary ovarian insufficiency associated with X chromosome monosomy (Turner syndrome, TS, n = 244) and women with karyotypically normal (46,XX) primary ovarian insufficiency (POI, n = 457) in a prospective study, conducted at the National Institutes of Health. We compared the study group prevalence to normative data for the U.S. population of women. Chronic lymphocytic (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis (HT) occurred in 37% of women with TS vs. 15% with POI (P < 0.0001); HT prevalence in both ovarian insufficiency groups significantly exceeded that in U.S. population of women (5.8%). Inflammatory bowel (IBD, 4%) and celiac disease (CD, 2.7%) were significantly increased in TS, but not in POI. No other autoimmune diagnosis, including Graves' disease or Type 1 diabetes appears to be significantly increased in either group. Women with TS had higher pro-inflammatory IL6 and TGF β1 levels (p < 0.0001 for both), and lower anti-inflammatory IL10 and TGF β2 levels (p < 0.005 for both) compared to POI and to normal volunteers. Lifetime estrogen exposure and parity were significantly lower in TS compared to POI, which were in turn lower than the general population of women. The finding that lymphocytic thyroiditis is greatly increased in both women with TS and POI suggests that factors associated with ovarian insufficiency per se promote this form of autoimmunity. The absence of a normal second X-chromosome further contributes to increased autoimmunity in TS.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAgedAutoimmune DiseasesCytokinesEstrogensFemaleHashimoto DiseaseHumansInflammatory Bowel DiseasesMiddle AgedPregnancyPrevalencePrimary Ovarian InsufficiencyRisk FactorsSmokingCytokinesEstrogens

Identifiers

PMID22342295
PMCPMC3358475
OpenAlexW2031919315

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.