ArticleThe Journal of urology2012
Expression of estrogen receptor alpha and beta is decreased in hypospadias.
Article in The Journal of urology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Isolation and characterization of epithelial cells and fibroblasts from the human penile urethra.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Androgen receptor antagonist flutamide modulates estrogen receptor alpha expression in distinct regions of the hypospadiac rat penis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Comparison of FGF-8, FGF-10, FGF-Receptor 2, Androgen Receptor, Estrogen Receptor-A and SS in Healthy and Hypospadiac Children.Balkan journal of medical genetics : BJMG · 2024Article
- Effects of Sex Hormones on Vascular Reactivity in Boys With Hypospadias.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- A Genetics Study in the Foreskin of Boys with Hypospadias.Molecular syndromology · 2023Article
- Dysregulated expression of androgen metabolism genes and genetic analysis in hypospadias.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2020Article
- New frontiers on the molecular underpinnings of hypospadias according to severity.Arab journal of urology · 2020Review
- Article
- A critical role for estrogen signaling in penis development.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2019Article
- Do endocrine disruptors cause hypospadias?Translational andrology and urology · 2014Review
- Diethylstilboestrol exposure does not reduce testosterone production in human fetal testis xenografts.PloS one · 2013Article
- Specific morphogenetic events in mouse external genitalia sex differentiation are responsive/dependent upon androgens and/or estrogens.Differentiation; research in biological diversity · 2012Article
- Immunohistochemical expression analysis of the human fetal lower urogenital tract.Differentiation; research in biological diversityArticle
- Estrogens and development of the mouse and human external genitalia.Differentiation; research in biological diversityReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEstrogenic endocrine disruptors acting via estrogen receptors α and β have been implicated in the etiology of hypospadias. However, the expression and distribution of estrogen receptors α and β in normal and hypospadiac human foreskins is unknown. We characterized the location and expression of estrogen receptors α and β in normal and hypospadiac foreskins. MATERIALS AND
methodsWe prospectively collected excess foreskin from 35 patients undergoing hypospadias repair and 15 patients undergoing elective circumcision. Hypospadias was classified as severe in 18 patients and mild in 17 based on the ectopic position of the meatus. mRNA expression levels in estrogen receptors α and β were quantified using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Receptor location was characterized by immunohistochemical analysis. Additionally immunohistochemical analysis was performed in 4 archived human fetal penises.
resultsMean ± SD ages were similar for the circumcision (9.5±3 months) and hypospadias repair groups (9±3 months, p=0.75). mRNA expression levels in estrogen receptors α and β were significantly decreased in hypospadiac foreskin cases compared to controls (p<0.001), while no statistically significant differences were seen between foreskins with severe and mild hypospadias. Estrogen receptor β immunostaining was strong in normal foreskin but weak in hypospadiac foreskin. Estrogen receptor β immunoreactivity was most intense in the stratum basale and stratum spinosum. Estrogen receptor α immunostaining was weak in normal and mild hypospadias foreskin, and undetectable in severe hypospadias. Fetal penises expressed strong estrogen receptor β immunopositivity in the urethral plate epithelium, corpus spongiosum, corpora cavernosa and penile skin, while estrogen receptor α immunostaining was not detected.
conclusionsThese data demonstrate a difference in estrogen receptor α and β expression and location in the foreskin of patients with hypospadias compared to controls. These findings are consistent with aberrant estrogenic effects having a role in the etiology of hypospadias.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.