SynthesisAddiction (Abingdon, England)2012
Clinical correlates of co-occurring cannabis and tobacco use: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 198 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
198 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 312 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health education interventions to reduce cannabis and tobacco smoking-related harms among people who use cannabis: a systematic review.Health education research · 2026Pooled it
- Associations of cannabis use, tobacco use, and incident anxiety, mood, and psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The Influence of Cannabis and Nicotine Co-use on Neuromaturation: A Systematic Review of Adolescent and Young Adult Studies.Biological psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Structural and Functional Neural Targets of Addiction Treatment in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- A scoping review and meta-analysis of psychosocial and pharmacological treatments for cannabis and tobacco use among African Americans.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2017Pooled it
- A positive association between anxiety disorders and cannabis use or cannabis use disorders in the general population--a meta-analysis of 31 studies.BMC psychiatry · 2014Pooled it
- Recent cannabis exposure and acute nicotine effects: insights from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intravenous nicotine studies.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Cannabis use among adults who smoke tobacco: Relations with switching from combusted cigarettes to e-cigarettes or very low nicotine cigarettes.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Trial
- Anxiety sensitivity reduction-smoking cessation intervention among individuals who engage in dual cigarette and cannabis use: A secondary analysis.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2024Trial
- Current cannabis use and smoking cessation among treatment seeking combustible smokers.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Patterns of cigarette, e-cigarette, and cannabis use among adult smokers in primary care 2014-2015.Addictive behaviors · 2020Trial
- Sequential and simultaneous treatment approaches to cannabis use disorder and tobacco use.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Trial
- Tobacco use during cannabis cessation: Use patterns and impact on abstinence in a National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Trial
- Evaluation of a reduced nicotine product standard: Moderating effects of and impact on cannabis use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Trial
- An fMRI-Based Neural Signature of Decisions to Smoke Cannabis.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Trial
- Effectiveness of different Web-based interventions to prepare co-smokers of cigarettes and cannabis for double cessation: a three-arm randomized controlled trial.Journal of medical Internet research · 2014Trial
- Achieving cannabis cessation -- evaluating N-acetylcysteine treatment (ACCENT): design and implementation of a multi-site, randomized controlled study in the National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network.Contemporary clinical trials · 2014Trial
- Cigarette smoking during an N-acetylcysteine-assisted cannabis cessation trial in adolescents.The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse · 2014Trial
- Pretreatment measures of brain structure and reward-processing brain function in cannabis dependence: an exploratory study of relationships with abstinence during behavioral treatment.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2014Trial
- Development of an integrative cessation program for co-smokers of cigarettes and cannabis: demand analysis, program description, and acceptability.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2013Trial
138 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsA growing literature has documented the substantial prevalence of and putative mechanisms underlying co-occurring (i.e. concurrent or simultaneous) cannabis and tobacco use. Greater understanding of the clinical correlates of co-occurring cannabis and tobacco use may suggest how intervention strategies may be refined to improve cessation outcomes and decrease the public health burden associated with cannabis and tobacco use.
methodsA systematic review of the literature on clinical diagnoses, psychosocial problems and outcomes associated with co-occurring cannabis and tobacco use. Twenty-eight studies compared clinical correlates in co-occurring cannabis and tobacco users versus cannabis- or tobacco-only users. These included studies of treatment-seekers in clinical trials and non-treatment-seekers in cross-sectional or longitudinal epidemiological or non-population-based surveys.
resultsSixteen studies examined clinical diagnoses, four studies examined psychosocial problems and 11 studies examined cessation outcomes in co-occurring cannabis and tobacco users (several studies examined multiple clinical correlates). Relative to cannabis use only, co-occurring cannabis and tobacco use was associated with a greater likelihood of cannabis use disorders, more psychosocial problems and poorer cannabis cessation outcomes. Relative to tobacco use only, co-occurring use did not appear to be associated consistently with a greater likelihood of tobacco use disorders, more psychosocial problems or poorer tobacco cessation outcomes.
conclusionsCannabis users who also smoke tobacco are more dependent on cannabis, have more psychosocial problems and have poorer cessation outcomes than those who use cannabis but not tobacco. The converse does not appear to be the case.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.