ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2012
Premenopausal serum androgens and breast cancer risk: a nested case-control study.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neighborhood walkability and sex steroid hormone levels in women.Environmental research · 2022Pooled it
- Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer via Sex Steroid Hormones, Part 2: The Effect of Sex Steroid Hormones on Breast Cancer Risk.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Sex and Gender Perspective in Obesity and Gastric Cancer.The world journal of men's health · 2026Review
- Premenopausal serum midkine levels and risk of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer: a prospective, nested case-control study.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Effect of testosterone therapy on breast tissue composition and mammographic breast density in trans masculine individuals.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Endogenous sex hormones, aromatase activity and lung cancer risk in postmenopausal never-smoking women.International journal of cancer · 2022Article
- Associations between body shape across the life course and adulthood concentrations of sex hormones in men and pre- and postmenopausal women: a multicohort study.The British journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- The Other Side of the Coin: May Androgens Have a Role in Breast Cancer Risk?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Anti-Angiogenic Treatments Interact with Steroid Secretion in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Triple Negative Cell Lines.Cancers · 2021Article
- Obesity and Androgen Receptor Signaling: Associations and Potential Crosstalk in Breast Cancer Cells.Cancers · 2021Review
- The Steroid Metabolome and Breast Cancer Risk in Women with a Family History of Breast Cancer: The Novel Role of Adrenal Androgens and Glucocorticoids.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Article
- Breast cancer risk prediction in women aged 35-50 years: impact of including sex hormone concentrations in the Gail model.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2019Article
- Observational study on the prognostic value of testosterone and adiposity in postmenopausal estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients.BMC cancer · 2018Observational
- Circulating anti-Müllerian hormone and breast cancer risk: A study in ten prospective cohorts.International journal of cancer · 2018Article
- Deciphering the roles of lncRNAs in breast development and disease.Oncotarget · 2018Review
- The Premenopausal Breast Cancer Collaboration: A Pooling Project of Studies Participating in the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2017Review
- The Saliva Exposome for Monitoring of Individuals' Health Trajectories.Environmental health perspectives · 2017Article
- Managing the female patient with hereditary angioedema.Women's health (London, England) · 2016Review
- Premenopausal Circulating Androgens and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: results of a Prospective Study.Hormones & cancer · 2016Article
- Circulating sex hormones and terminal duct lobular unit involution of the normal breast.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionProspective epidemiologic studies have consistently shown that levels of circulating androgens in postmenopausal women are positively associated with breast cancer risk. However, data in premenopausal women are limited.
methodsA case-control study nested within the New York University Women's Health Study was conducted. A total of 356 cases (276 invasive and 80 in situ) and 683 individually-matched controls were included. Matching variables included age and date, phase, and day of menstrual cycle at blood donation. Testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured using direct immunoassays. Free testosterone was calculated.
resultsPremenopausal serum testosterone and free testosterone concentrations were positively associated with breast cancer risk. In models adjusted for known risk factors of breast cancer, the odds ratios for increasing quintiles of testosterone were 1.0 (reference), 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9 to 2.3), 1.2 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.9), 1.4 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.3) and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.9; Ptrend = 0.04), and for free testosterone were 1.0 (reference), 1.2 (95% CI, 0.7 to 1.8), 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.3), 1.5 (95% CI, 0.9 to 2.3), and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1 to 2.8, Ptrend = 0.01). A marginally significant positive association was observed with androstenedione (P = 0.07), but no association with DHEAS or SHBG. Results were consistent in analyses stratified by tumor type (invasive, in situ), estrogen receptor status, age at blood donation, and menopausal status at diagnosis. Intra-class correlation coefficients for samples collected from 0.8 to 5.3 years apart (median 2 years) in 138 cases and 268 controls were greater than 0.7 for all biomarkers except for androstenedione (0.57 in controls).
conclusionsPremenopausal concentrations of testosterone and free testosterone are associated with breast cancer risk. Testosterone and free testosterone measurements are also highly reliable (that is, a single measurement is reflective of a woman's average level over time). Results from other prospective studies are consistent with our results. The impact of including testosterone or free testosterone in breast cancer risk prediction models for women between the ages of 40 and 50 years should be assessed. Improving risk prediction models for this age group could help decision making regarding both screening and chemoprevention of breast cancer.
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