ArticleMalaria journal2012
Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and cerebral malaria: TLR2 Δ22 polymorphism is associated with protection from cerebral malaria in a case control study.
Article in Malaria journal, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between TLR2 polymorphisms (- 196-174 Ins/Del, R677W, R753Q, and P631H) and schizophrenia in a Tunisian population.Immunologic research · 2021Trial
- Gene Polymorphisms ofGenes · 2026Article
- Malaria: Factors affecting disease severity, immune evasion mechanisms, and reversal of immune inhibition to enhance vaccine efficacy.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Toll-like receptor 2-mediated downstream cytokine levels as determinant of malaria pathogenesis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2023Article
- Association of toll-like receptors in malaria susceptibility and immunopathogenesis: A meta-analysis.Heliyon · 2022Article
- Genetic variation in the immune system and malaria susceptibility in infants: a nested case-control study in Nanoro, Burkina Faso.Malaria journal · 2021Article
- Variability in human attractiveness to mosquitoes.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2021Review
- Review
- Variants in the non-coding region of the TLR2 gene associated with infectious subphenotypes in pediatric sickle cell anemia.Immunogenetics · 2018Article
- Parasite Recognition and Signaling Mechanisms in Innate Immune Responses to Malaria.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Atypical activation of dendritic cells byProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Genetic predisposition of variants in TLR2 and its co-receptors to severe malaria in Odisha, India.Immunologic research · 2016Article
- CD40-TRAF Signaling Upregulates CX3CL1 and TNF-α in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells but Not in Retinal Endothelial Cells.PloS one · 2015Article
- Human Gene Expression in Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria.Journal of immunology research · 2015Article
- Interferons and interferon regulatory factors in malaria.Mediators of inflammation · 2014Review
- Variations in ncRNA gene LOC284889 and MIF-794CATT repeats are associated with malaria susceptibility in Indian populations.Malaria journal · 2013Article
- Do you see what I see: Recognition of protozoan parasites by Toll-like receptors.Current immunology reviews · 2013Article
- Innate immunity and neuroinflammation.Mediators of inflammation · 2013Review
- Endothelial cells potentiate interferon-γ production in a novel tripartite culture model of human cerebral malaria.PloS one · 2013Article
- The host genetic diversity in malaria infection.Journal of tropical medicine · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn malaria endemic areas, host genetics influence whether a Plasmodium falciparum-infected child develops uncomplicated or severe malaria. TLR2 has been identified as a receptor for P. falciparum-derived glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), and polymorphisms within the TLR2 gene may affect disease pathogenesis. There are two common polymorphisms in the 5' un-translated region (UTR) of TLR2, a 22 base pair deletion in the first unstranslated exon (Δ22), and a GT dinucleotide repeat in the second intron (GTn).
methodsThese polymorphisms were examined in a Ugandan case control study on children with either cerebral malaria or uncomplicated malaria. Serum cytokine levels were analysed by ELISA, according to genotype and disease status. In vitro TLR2 expression was measured according to genotype.
resultsBoth Δ22 and GTn polymorphisms were highly frequent, but only Δ22 heterozygosity was associated with protection from cerebral malaria (OR 0.34, 95% confidence intervals 0.16, 0.73). In vitro, heterozygosity for Δ22 was associated with reduced pam3cys inducible TLR2 expression in human monocyte derived macrophages. In uncomplicated malaria patients, Δ22 homozygosity was associated with elevated serum IL-6 (p = 0.04), and long GT repeat alleles were associated with elevated TNF (p = 0.007).
conclusionReduced inducible TLR2 expression may lead to attenuated pro-inflammatory responses, a potential mechanism of protection from cerebral malaria present in individuals heterozygous for the TLR2 Δ22 polymorphism.
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