ReviewNature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology2012
The risks of PPI therapy.
Review in Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist on cough suppression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy and Hepatic Encephalopathy Risk in Cirrhotic Patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis.Clinical drug investigation · 2019Pooled it
- Sociedade Portuguesa de Cuidados Intensivos guidelines for stress ulcer prophylaxis in the intensive care unit.Revista Brasileira de terapia intensiva · 2019Guideline
- ACG and CAG Clinical Guideline: Management of Dyspepsia.The American journal of gastroenterology · 2017Guideline
- Association between proton pump inhibitors and hepatic encephalopathy: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Impact of transoral incisionless fundoplication (TIF) on subjective and objective GERD indices: a systematic review of the published literature.Surgical endoscopy · 2013Pooled it
- Comparison of different regimens of proton pump inhibitors for acute peptic ulcer bleeding.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Real-world performance of indobufen versus aspirin after percutaneous coronary intervention: insights from the ASPIRATION registry.BMC medicine · 2024Trial
- Association of CYP2C19 polymorphisms and lansoprazole-associated respiratory adverse effects in children.The Journal of pediatrics · 2013Trial
- Re-evaluating the Inhibition of Stress Erosions (REVISE): a protocol for pilot randomized controlled trial.Annals of Saudi medicineTrial
- Association between exposure to proton pump inhibitors and hyperuricemia: risk prediction model establishment and nomogram construction.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Comprehensive Treatment of Functional Dyspepsia Using Traditional Chinese Medicine: A Review Based on Pathophysiological Perspectives.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Renal dysfunction in routine proton-pump inhibitor use may be linked to comorbidities: A real-world observational study.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2024Observational
- The Association of Proton Pump Inhibitors and QT Interval Prolongation in Critically Ill Patients.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2024Article
- Micro/nanorobots for gastrointestinal tract.Frontiers in chemistry · 2024Review
- Recent Developments in Metallic Degradable Micromotors for Biomedical and Environmental Remediation Applications.Nano-micro letters · 2023Review
- Size-reduced fexuprazan 20 mg demonstrated the optimal bioavailability and bioequivalence with the reference formulation.Translational and clinical pharmacology · 2023Article
- Network Pharmacology-Based Exploration of the Mechanism of Action of Shugan Hewei Recipe in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease with Anxiety and Depression.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Low Molecular Weight Fucoidan Inhibits Pulmonary Fibrosis In Vivo and In Vitro via Antioxidant Activity.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Risk of Enteric Infection in Patients with Gastric Acid Supressive Drugs: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PPIs have become one of the most commonly used medications worldwide, as they are the treatment of choice for several acid-related gastrointestinal disorders. However, concerns have been raised about PPI therapy, including the risk of pneumonia, bone fractures and enteric infections, and a possible interaction with clopidogrel that could increase the risk of cardiovascular events. Observational studies have shown very modest associations between PPI therapy and these risks, although the association between PPI treatment and the risk of enteric infections seems to be stronger than the association with other risk factors. However, given the inherent limitations of observational studies, these associations could be attributable to bias and/or confounding factors. In addition, evidence from randomized, controlled trials does not support a clinically significant effect of PPI therapy on the risk of cardiovascular events in patients taking clopidogrel or the risk of pneumonia. Nevertheless, it is impossible to exclude the possibility that some of these associations might be causal or indeed that PPI therapy has an as yet unknown long-term adverse effect. As with any therapy, therefore, it is advisable to prescribe PPIs only to patients for whom these drugs have been proven beneficial.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.