ArticleHuman reproduction (Oxford, England)2012
The presence and regulation of connective tissue growth factor in the human endometrium.
Article in Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- The dual roles of uterine monocytes in regulation of tissue homeostasis throughout reproductive cycles in health and disease.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Regulation of Transcriptional Coactivator with PDZ-Binding Motif (TAZ) Expression by Estrogen in the Mouse Uterine Endometrium.Development & reproduction · 2025Article
- Hippo Signaling in the Endometrium.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Menstrual Endometrium: From Physiology to Future Treatments.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Review
- Meloxicam Inhibited the Proliferation of LPS-Stimulated Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells Through Wnt/β-Catenin and PI3K/AKT Pathways.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Immune responses in the human female reproductive tract.Immunology · 2020Review
- The proliferative effect of cortisol on bovine endometrial epithelial cells.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2019Article
- Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) in haemophilic arthropathy and arthrofibrosis: a histological analysis.Haemophilia : the official journal of the World Federation of Hemophilia · 2016Article
- The role of decidual cells in uterine hemostasis, menstruation, inflammation, adverse pregnancy outcomes and abnormal uterine bleeding.Human reproduction update · 2016Review
- Cortisol regulates the paracrine action of macrophages by inducing vasoactive gene expression in endometrial cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2016Article
- Hypoxyprobe™ reveals dynamic spatial and temporal changes in hypoxia in a mouse model of endometrial breakdown and repair.BMC research notes · 2016Article
- Endometriosis, a disease of the macrophage.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Article
- Inflammation, leukocytes and menstruation.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2012Review
- Steroid regulation of menstrual bleeding and endometrial repair.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe human endometrium efficiently repairs each month after menstruation. The mechanisms involved in this repair process remain undefined. Aberrations in endometrial repair may lead to the common disorder of heavy menstrual bleeding. We hypothesized that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is increased at the time of endometrial repair post-menses and that this increase is regulated by prostaglandins (PGs) and hypoxic conditions present during menstruation. METHODS AND
resultsExamination of 41 endometrial biopsies from 5 stages of the menstrual cycle revealed maximal CTGF mRNA expression (using quantitative RT-PCR) at menstruation and peak protein levels during the proliferative phase. CTGF was immunolocalized to epithelial and stromal cells, with intense staining of occasional stromal cells during the proliferative phase. Dual immunohistochemistry identified these cells as macrophages. Treatment of endometrial epithelial cells with 100 nM PGE(2), PGF(2α) or hypoxia (0.5% O(2)) revealed a significant increase in CTGF mRNA expression (P < 0.01 for all, versus vehicle control). Cells treated simultaneously with PGE(2) and hypoxia revealed a synergistic increase in CTGF expression (P < 0.05 versus PGE(2) or hypoxia alone) and maximal secreted CTGF protein levels (P < 0.05 versus control).
conclusionsCTGF is increased in the human endometrium at the time of endometrial repair post-menses. The increase in CTGF may be mediated by PG production and the transient hypoxic episode observed in the endometrium at menstruation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.