ReviewmAbs
Disulfide bond structures of IgG molecules: structural variations, chemical modifications and possible impacts to stability and biological function.
Review in mAbs. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 207 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
207 citing papers in PubMed, 465 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Why antibody isotype matters for immunotherapy.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Review
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- Human monoclonal and polyclonal anti-ADAMTS13 antibodies in immune thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: variable mechanisms of inhibition.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2026Article
- Protein-Mediated Bimetallic Nanoclusters: Effect of Protein Nature on Structure, Optical Property and Cytotoxicity.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Improving purity and apparent thermal stability of single-chain Fv antibodies by heat treatment in a soluble E. coli cytoplasmic expression system.Journal of biochemistry · 2026Article
- A PEGylated nanobody against HBsAg exhibits pleiotropic antiviral efficacy in hepatitis B models.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Near UV and Visible Light-Induced Degradation of IgG2: Photo-Fenton Reaction in Citrate Buffer.Pharmaceutical research · 2026Article
- Challenges and solutions for upstream processing of complex biologics.Antibody therapeutics · 2026Review
- Impact of Supercharging on Top-Down Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies by Collision Induced Dissociation.International journal of mass spectrometry · 2026Article
- Rapid Production of Recombinant Human SLFN14 Ribonuclease and Stoichiometric Analysis by Mass Photometry.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2026Article
- Leveraging in-silico deep learning and computational analyses to predict the pathogenicity of ROBO4 variants of uncertain significance in aortic aneurysm and dissection patients.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Pilot-scale ultraviolet-C and nano-second pulsed electric field processing of milk: Microbial inactivation and preservation of serum proteins.Current research in food science · 2026Article
- Article
- High-concentration L-methionine as a potent antioxidant for oxidation resistance and stability enhancement in high-concentration antibody therapeutics.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Article
- ALLM-Ab: Active Learning-Driven Antibody Optimization Using Fine-Tuned Protein Language Models.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2025Article
- Chemotherapeutic Drug-Antibody Conjugates (ChemoBodies): Recent Advances and Future Directions.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Interdomain disulfide bonds of rabbit kappa light chain allotypes influence mouse-rabbit chimeric antibody performance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Fab' Fragment-Immobilized Gold Surface for Capturing EpCAM-Positive Breast Cancer Cells.Engineering in life sciences · 2025Article
147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The disulfide bond structures established decades ago for immunoglobulins have been challenged by findings from extensive characterization of recombinant and human monoclonal IgG antibodies. Non-classical disulfide bond structure was first identified in IgG4 and later in IgG2 antibodies. Although, cysteine residues should be in the disulfide bonded states, free sulfhydryls have been detected in all subclasses of IgG antibodies. In addition, disulfide bonds are susceptible to chemical modifications, which can further generate structural variants such as IgG antibodies with trisulfide bond or thioether linkages. Trisulfide bond formation has also been observed for IgG of all subclasses. Degradation of disulfide bond through β-elimination generates free sulfhydryls disulfide and dehydroalanine. Further reaction between free sulfhydryl and dehydroalanine leads to the formation of a non-reducible cross-linked species. Hydrolysis of the dehydroalanine residue contributes substantially to antibody hinge region fragmentation. The effect of these disulfide bond variations on antibody structure, stability and biological function are discussed in this review.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.