Trial reportBlood2012
Evidence for both innate and acquired mechanisms of protection from Plasmodium falciparum in children with sickle cell trait.
Trial report in Blood, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Haemoglobinopathies and the clinical epidemiology of malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2012Pooled it
- Cytoadherence in paediatric malaria: ABO blood group, CD36, and ICAM1 expression and severe Plasmodium falciparum infection.British journal of haematology · 2012Trial
- Assessing the Effect of Malaria Exposure History on Tetanus Antibody Waning Rates Among Children in Jinja and Tororo Districts, Uganda.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Sickle cell haemoglobin status shapes malaria parasite genotype in asymptomatic infections.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Elevated Plasmodium falciparum sexual conversion in HbAC and HbAS red blood cells in naturally infected malaria patients.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Sickle Trait Hemoglobin Does Not Influence Anopheles Biting Rates.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Natural History and the Burden of Malaria During the First Year of Life in the High-Transmission Setting of Uganda.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2026Article
- Sickle-trait hemoglobin does not influencemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Marked heterogeneity in malaria infection rate in a Malian longitudinal cohort.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Sickle cell trait, APOL1 risk allele status and chronic kidney disease among ART-experienced adults living with HIV in northern Nigeria.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2025Article
- Mature beyond their years: young children who escape detection of parasitemia despite living in settings of intense malaria transmission.Biochemical Society transactions · 2024Review
- Natural killer cell antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity toClinical & translational immunology · 2024Article
- Can incorporating genotyping data into efficacy estimators improve efficiency of early phase malaria vaccine trials?Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Sickle cell trait enhances malaria transmission.Nature microbiology · 2023Article
- Influence of the sickle cell trait on Plasmodium falciparum infectivity from naturally infected gametocyte carriers.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage in longitudinally monitored incident infections is associated with duration of infection and human host factors.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Elucidating parasite and host-cell factors enabling Babesia infection in sickle red cells under hypoxic/hyperoxic conditions.Blood advances · 2023Article
- Age-Related Changes in Malaria Clinical Phenotypes During Infancy Are Modified by Sickle Cell Trait.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Association between haematological parameters and sickle cell genotypes in children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria resident in Kisumu County in Western Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Adaptive immunity selects against malaria infection blocking mutations.PLoS computational biology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sickle cell trait (HbAS) is known to be protective against Plasmodium falciparum malaria, but it is unclear when during the course of infection this protection occurs and whether protection is innate or acquired. To address these questions, a cohort of 601 children 1-10 years of age were enrolled in Kampala, Uganda, and followed for 18 months for symptomatic malaria and asymptomatic parasitemia. Genotyping was used to detect and follow individual parasite clones longitudinally within subjects. Children with HbAS were protected against the establishment of parasitemia, as assessed by the molecular force of infection at older but not younger ages (at 2 years of age: incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.16; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.62-2.19; P = .6; at 9 years of age: IRR = 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28-0.87; P = .01), suggesting an acquired mechanism of protection. Once parasitemic, children with HbAS were less likely to progress to symptomatic malaria, with protection again being the most pronounced at older ages (at 2 years of age: relative risk [RR] = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.77-1.10; P = .3; at 9 years of age: RR = 0.68; 95% CI, 0.51-0.91; P = .008). Conversely, the youngest children were best protected against high parasite density (at 2 years of age: relative density = 0.24; 95% CI, 0.10-0.54; P = .001; at 9 years of age: relative density = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.30-1.19; P = .14), suggesting an innate mechanism of protection against this end point.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.