ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2012
Innate NK cells and macrophages recognize and reject allogeneic nonself in vivo via different mechanisms.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune Biomarkers of Islet Transplant Rejection Revealed by Synthetic Immunological Niche.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Innate Immune Memory Responses in Organ Transplantation.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2026Review
- Multiplex engineering of rhesus macaque NK cells enhances homing to sites of HIV replication in B cell follicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Subset of Pro-inflammatory CXCL10+ LILRB2+ Macrophages Derives From Recipient Monocytes and Drives Renal Allograft Rejection.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sensitization in Transplantation Assessment of Risk 2025 innate working group: The potential role of innate allorecognition in kidney allograft damage.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025Review
- Donor-recipient mismatch at theScience translational medicine · 2025Article
- Mitigating cardiac allograft vasculopathy in a murine model via CD40-TRAF6 blockade and cyclosporin A synergy.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Spatial transcriptomics reveals distinct role of monocytes/macrophages with highFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of allorecognition and xenorecognition in transplantation.Clinical transplantation and research · 2024Review
- Trained immunity suppression determines kidney allograft survival.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Alloreactive memory CD4 T cells promote transplant rejection by engaging DCs to induce innate inflammation and CD8 T cell priming.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The Mac Is Back: The Role of Macrophages in Human Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Next-Generation CAR T-cell Therapies.Cancer discovery · 2022Article
- Neuropilin-1 is present on Foxp3+ T regulatory cell-derived small extracellular vesicles and mediates immunity against skin transplantation.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2022Article
- Engineered cellular immunotherapies in cancer and beyond.Nature medicine · 2022Review
- The interplay between the airway epithelium and tissue macrophages during the SARS-CoV-2 infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Myeloid checkpoint blockade improves killing of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells by an IgA2 variant of daratumumab.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Aging Affects the Role of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Alloimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment induces colitis with heavy infiltration of CD8 + T cells and an infiltration pattern that resembles ulcerative colitis.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Both innate and adaptive immune cells are involved in the allograft response. But how the innate immune cells respond to allotransplants remains poorly defined. In the current study, we examined the roles of NK cells and macrophages in recognizing and rejecting allogeneic cells in vivo. We found that in naive mice NK cells are the primary effector cells in the killing of allogeneic cells via "missing self" recognition. However, in alloantigen-presensitized mice, NK cells are dispensable. Instead, macrophages become alloreactive and readily recognize and reject allogeneic nonself. This effect requires help from activated CD4(+) T cells and involves CD40/CD40L engagement, because blocking CD40/CD40L interactions prevents macrophage-mediated rejection of allogeneic cells. Conversely, actively stimulating CD40 triggers macrophage-mediated rejection in the absence of CD4(+) T cells. Importantly, alloantigen-primed and CD4(+) T cell-helped macrophages (licensed macrophages) exhibit potent regulatory function in vivo in an acute graft-versus-host disease model. Together, our data uncover an important role for macrophages in the alloimmune response and may have important clinical implications.
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Registered trials
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