ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2012
Viremia and HIV-1 drug resistance mutations among patients receiving second-line highly active antiretroviral therapy in Chennai, Southern India.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Virological Failure And HIV-1 Drug Resistance in Indian Adults and Adolescents on Protease Inhibitor Based Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy: A Five-year Follow-up Study.Current HIV research · 2025Article
- Article
- Virological failure and HIV drug resistance among adults living with HIV on second-line antiretroviral therapy in the Asia-Pacific.HIV medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Third-Line Antiretroviral Therapy Program in the South African Public Sector: Cohort Description and Virological Outcomes.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- HIV-1 second-line failure and drug resistance at high-level and low-level viremia in Western Kenya.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Regional Challenges in the Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Drug Resistance.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Article
- High rate of HIV-1 drug resistance in treatment failure patients in Taiwan, 2009-2014.Infection and drug resistance · 2017Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Sequence Changes and Drug Resistance Mutation Among Virologic Failures of Lopinavir/Ritonavir Monotherapy: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocol A5230.Open forum infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Random lopinavir concentrations predict resistance on lopinavir-based antiretroviral therapy.International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2016Article
- High prevalence of PI resistance in patients failing second-line ART in Vietnam.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2016Article
- Outcome of patients on second line antiretroviral therapy under programmatic condition in India.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Observational
- Second-Line HIV Therapy Outcomes and Determinants of Mortality at the Largest HIV Referral Center in Southern Vietnam.Medicine · 2015Observational
- Efficacy of second-line antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS in Asia: results from the TREAT Asia HIV observational database.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Observational
- Phenotypic characterization of virological failure following lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy using full-length Gag-protease genes.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2014Article
- Emergence of HIV drug resistance during first- and second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2013Review
- Evaluation of WHO immunologic criteria for treatment failure: implications for detection of virologic failure, evolution of drug resistance and choice of second-line therapy in India.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2013Article
- Article
- Characterization of HIV-1 antiretroviral drug resistance after second-line treatment failure in Mali, a limited-resources setting.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA cross-sectional study among individuals receiving second-line antiretroviral treatment was conducted to report on the level of detectable viremia and the types of drug resistance mutations among those with detectable human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 plasma viral loads (PVLs).
methodsPVLs were measured using Abbott m2000rt real-time polymerase chain reaction, and genotyping was performed with the ViroSeq genotyping system, version 2.0, and ViroSeq analysis software, version 2.8.
resultsOf 107 patient plasma specimens consecutively analyzed, 30 (28%) had undetectable PVLs (<150 copies/mL), and 77 (72%) were viremic with a median PVL of 5450 copies/mL (interquartile range, 169-1 997 967). Sequencing was done for 107 samples with PVLs >2000 copies/mL: 33 patients (73%) had 1 of the protease (PR) inhibitor mutations; 41 (91%) had nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) mutations; 33 (73%) had non-NRTI (NNRTI) mutations; and 30 (66.7%) had both NRTI and NNRTI mutations. Triple-class resistance to NRTIs, NNRTIs, and PR inhibitors was observed in 24 (53%) patients. Based on the mutational profiles observed, all 45 sequences were susceptible to darunavir and tipranavir, whereas 47% showed resistance to lopinavir, 58% showed resistance to atazanavir, and >60% showed resistance to saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, and fosamprenavir.
conclusionsThe results of the study showed that the majority of patients receiving second-line antiretroviral therapy started to accumulate PR resistance mutations, and the mutation profiles suggest that darunavir might be the drug of choice for third-line regimens in India.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.