ArticleCellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS2012
Reactivation of latent HIV-1 by a wide variety of butyric acid-producing bacteria.
Article in Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Gut Microbiome in HIV Pathogenesis: Interconnections Between Dysbiosis, Immune Dysfunction, and Viral Persistence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
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- Cross-disciplinary communication between oral and gut microbiota in head and neck cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Lactic acid produced by optimal vaginal Lactobacillus spp. potently and specifically inactivates HIV-1 in vitro by targeting the viral RNA genome and reverse transcriptase.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Expanding the human gut microbiome atlas of Africa.Nature · 2025Article
- A gut check: understanding the interplay of the gastrointestinal microbiome and the developing immune system towards the goal of pediatric HIV remission.Retrovirology · 2024Review
- A Two-Faced Gut Microbiome: Butyrogenic and Proinflammatory Bacteria Predominate in the Intestinal Milieu of People Living with HIV from Western Mexico.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The interplay between HPV, other Sexually Transmissible Infections and genital microbiome on cervical microenvironment (MicroCervixHPV study).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Observational
- Understanding the Complexities and Changes of the Astronaut Microbiome for Successful Long-Duration Space Missions.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
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- Enzymatic measurement of short-chain fatty acids and application in periodontal disease diagnosis.PloS one · 2022Article
- The bidirectional biological interplay between microbiome and viruses in periodontitis and type-2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- How Does Epstein-Barr Virus Interact With Other Microbiomes in EBV-Driven Cancers?Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Markers of Gut Barrier Function and Microbial Translocation Associate with Lower Gut Microbial Diversity in People with HIV.Viruses · 2021Article
- Review
- Expression of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 and Proinflammatory Cytokines Induced by the Periodontopathic BacteriumInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The Role of the Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Insight into the Microbiome-Treatment Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- The influence of spaceflight on the astronaut salivary microbiome and the search for a microbiome biomarker for viral reactivation.Microbiome · 2020Article
- How Does Epstein-Barr Virus Contribute to Chronic Periodontitis?International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Pathogenic Effect ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Latently infected cells harbor human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA copies integrated in heterochromatin, allowing persistence of transcriptionally silent proviruses. It is widely accepted that hypoacetylation of histone proteins by histone deacetylases (HDACs) is involved in maintaining the HIV-1 latency by repressing viral transcription. HIV-1 replication can be induced from latently infected cells by environmental factors, such as inflammation and co-infection with other microbes. It is known that a bacterial metabolite butyric acid inhibits catalytic action of HDAC and induces transcription of silenced genes including HIV-1 provirus. There are a number of such bacteria in gut, vaginal, and oral cavities that produce butyric acid during their anaerobic glycolysis. Since these organs are known to be the major site of HIV-1 transmission and its replication, we explored a possibility that explosive viral replication in these organs could be ascribable to butyric acid produced from anaerobic resident bacteria. In this study, we demonstrate that the culture supernatant of various bacteria producing butyric acid could greatly reactivate the latently-infected HIV-1. These bacteria include Fusobacterium nucleatum (commonly present in oral cavity, and gut), Clostridium cochlearium, Eubacterium multiforme (gut), and Anaerococcus tetradius (vagina). We also clarified that butyric acid in these culture supernatants could induce histone acetylation and HIV-1 replication by inhibiting HDAC. Our observations indicate that butyric acid-producing bacteria could be involved in AIDS progression by reactivating the latent HIV provirus and, subsequently, by eliminating such bacterial infection may contribute to the prevention of the AIDS development and transmission.
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