ArticlePloS one2012
Identification of anti-malarial compounds as novel antagonists to chemokine receptor CXCR4 in pancreatic cancer cells.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bioactive polymers as stimulus-responsive anti-metastatic combination agents to treat pancreatic cancer.Biomaterials · 2025Article
- Reversing the PAI-1-induced fibrotic immune exclusion of solid tumor by multivalent CXCR4 antagonistic nano-permeator.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2023Article
- SDF-1α Promotes Chondrocyte Autophagy through CXCR4/mTOR Signaling Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Role of microRNA-494 in tumor progression.American journal of translational research · 2023Review
- Biologic Functions of Hydroxychloroquine in Disease: From COVID-19 to Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine prevents resistance to PI3K/AKT inhibitors and potentiates their antitumor effect in combination with paclitaxel in triple negative breast cancer models.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Pancreatic Cancer Signaling Pathways, Genetic Alterations, and Tumor Microenvironment: The Barriers Affecting the Method of Treatment.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- Assessment of NR4A Ligands That Directly Bind and Modulate the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nurr1.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2020Article
- Insights into antiviral mechanisms of remdesivir, lopinavir/ritonavir and chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine affecting the new SARS-CoV-2.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2020Review
- Targeting Autophagy in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Hydroxychloroquine in rheumatic autoimmune disorders and beyond.EMBO molecular medicine · 2020Review
- GPCRs in pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Contributors to tumour biology and novel therapeutic targets.British journal of pharmacology · 2020Review
- New drugs are not enough‑drug repositioning in oncology: An update.International journal of oncology · 2020Review
- Chloroquine Inhibits Stemness of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Through Targeting CXCR4-STAT3 Pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Promise of chemokine network-targeted nanoparticles in combination nucleic acid therapies of metastatic cancer.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Nanomedicine and nanobiotechnology · 2019Review
- Direct therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoint PD-1 in pancreatic cancer.British journal of cancer · 2019Article
- Synthesis and Evaluation of Chloroquine-Containing DMAEMA Copolymers as Efficient Anti-miRNA Delivery Vectors with Improved Endosomal Escape and Antimigratory Activity in Cancer Cells.Macromolecular bioscience · 2018Article
- Emerging roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in pancreatic cancer progression and therapy.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2017Review
- Chloroquine-Modified Hydroxyethyl Starch as a Polymeric Drug for Cancer Therapy.Biomacromolecules · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Despite recent advances in targeted therapies, patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma continue to have poor survival highlighting the urgency to identify novel therapeutic targets. Our previous investigations have implicated chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its selective ligand CXCL12 in the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive pancreatic cancer; hence, CXCR4 is a promising target for suppression of pancreatic cancer growth. Here, we combined in silico structural modeling of CXCR4 to screen for candidate anti-CXCR4 compounds with in vitro cell line assays and identified NSC56612 from the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) Open Chemical Repository Collection as an inhibitor of activated CXCR4. Next, we identified that NSC56612 is structurally similar to the established anti-malarial drugs chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. We evaluated these compounds in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and observed specific antagonism of CXCR4-mediated signaling and cell proliferation. Recent in vivo therapeutic applications of chloroquine in pancreatic cancer mouse models have demonstrated decreased tumor growth and improved survival. Our results thus provide a molecular target and basis for further evaluation of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in pancreatic cancer. Historically safe in humans, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine appear to be promising agents to safely and effectively target CXCR4 in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.