ArticleEndocrinology2012
Sexual dimorphism of growth hormone in the hypothalamus: regulation by estradiol.
Article in Endocrinology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Functional Divergence ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Elevating Testosterone and Androstenedione Produces Temporary Sex-Dependent Variation in Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica) Embryonic Development.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2025Article
- Risk of Insulin Resistance: Comparison of the Commerce vs. Industry Sector and Associated Variables.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Knockout and Double Knockout of Cathepsin K and Mmp9 reveals a novel function of Cathepsin K as a regulator of osteoclast gene expression and bone homeostasis.International journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Sex chromosome complement influences vulnerability to cocaine in mice.Hormones and behavior · 2020Article
- Sarcopenia in aging, obesity, and cancer.Translational cancer research · 2020Article
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease as a Canonical Example of Metabolic Inflammatory-Based Liver Disease Showing a Sex-Specific Prevalence: Relevance of Estrogen Signaling.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Review
- Upregulation of GH, but not IGF1, in the hippocampus of the lactating dam after kainic acid injury.Endocrine connections · 2018Article
- Growth Hormone (GH) and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) in the Central Nervous System: A Potential Neurological Combinatory Therapy?International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
- Spatiotemporal Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Its Receptor in the Brain: Is There a Role for Growth Hormone?Endocrinology · 2017Article
- Relationship between maternal environment and DNA methylation patterns of estrogen receptor alpha in wild Eastern Bluebird (Sialia sialis) nestlings: a pilot study.Ecology and evolution · 2016Article
- Article
- A Common Phenotype Polymorphism in Mammalian Brains Defined by Concomitant Production of Prolactin and Growth Hormone.PloS one · 2016Article
- Cytochrome P450 1B1: An unexpected modulator of liver fatty acid homeostasis.Archives of biochemistry and biophysics · 2015Article
- Neural growth hormone: regional regulation by estradiol and/or sex chromosome complement in male and female mice.Biology of sex differences · 2015Article
- Mouse model systems to study sex chromosome genes and behavior: relevance to humans.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2014Review
- Neural growth hormone implicated in body weight sex differences.Endocrinology · 2013Article
- Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone distribution in the anterior hypothalamus of the female rats.ISRN anatomy · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
GH is best known as an anterior pituitary hormone fundamental in regulating growth, differentiation, and metabolism. GH peptide and mRNA are also present in brain, in which their functions are less well known. Here we describe the distribution of GH neurons and fibers and sex differences in Gh mRNA in adult mouse brain. Cell bodies exhibiting GH immunoreactivity are distributed in many brain regions, particularly in the hypothalamus in which retrograde labeling suggests that some of these cells project to the median eminence. To determine whether Gh mRNA is sexual dimorphic, we carried out quantitative RT-PCR on microdissected brain nuclei. Ovary-intact mice had elevated Gh mRNA in the arcuate nucleus and medial preoptic area (MPOA) compared with gonad-intact males. In males, castration increased Gh mRNA in the MPOA, whereas ovariectomy decreased Gh mRNA in both regions. When gonadectomized adults of both sexes were treated with estradiol Gh mRNA increased in females but had no effect in castrated males. Tamoxifen was able to blunt the rise in Gh mRNA in response to estradiol in females. In addition, we found that estrogen receptor-α is coexpressed in GH neurons in the MPOA and arcuate nucleus. In summary, the findings reveal sexual dimorphisms in Gh gene expression in areas of the brain associated with reproduction and behavior. Interestingly, estradiol enhances Gh mRNA in females only, suggesting that multiple factors orchestrate this sexual dimorphism.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.