ArticleDiabetes2012
Rising incidence of type 1 diabetes is associated with altered immunophenotype at diagnosis.
Article in Diabetes, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Islet autoantibody profiles associated with higher diabetes risk in Lithuanian compared with English schoolchildren.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2021Trial
- Improved prediction of symptomatic type 1 diabetes using a luciferase-based assay to measure (pro)insulin autoantibodies.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Observational
- Evaluation of distinct and similar pathological features between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease.EXCLI journal · 2026Review
- Clinical Characteristics in Swedish Children With and Without Autoantibodies at the Time of Type 1 Diabetes Diagnosis.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- A novel, high-performance, low-volume, rapid luciferase immunoprecipitation system (LIPS) assay to detect autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Article
- Virus induced dysbiosis promotes type 1 diabetes onset.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The longitudinal loss of islet autoantibody responses from diagnosis of type 1 diabetes occurs progressively over follow-up and is determined by low autoantibody titres, early-onset, and genetic variants.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- Activated but functionally impaired memory Tregs are expanded in slow progressors to type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2022Article
- Investigating the potential impact of post translational modification of auto-antigens by tissue transglutaminase on humoral islet autoimmunity in type 1 diabetes.Metabolism open · 2020Article
- Type 1 diabetes in Africa: an immunogenetic study in the Amhara of North-West Ethiopia.Diabetologia · 2020Article
- Hierarchical Order of Distinct Autoantibody Spreading and Progression to Type 1 Diabetes in the TEDDY Study.Diabetes care · 2020Article
- Slow progressors to type 1 diabetes lose islet autoantibodies over time, have few islet antigen-specific CD8Diabetologia · 2020Article
- What has zinc transporter 8 autoimmunity taught us about type 1 diabetes?Diabetologia · 2019Review
- Simultaneous presentation of thyroid storm and diabetic ketoacidosis in a previously healthy 21-year-old man.BMJ case reports · 2019Article
- A quarter of patients with type 1 diabetes have co-existing non-islet autoimmunity: the findings of a UK population-based family study.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2018Article
- Observational
- Autoantibodies against zinc transporter 8 are related to age and metabolic state in patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune diabetes.Acta diabetologica · 2018Article
- The Genetic Architecture of Type 1 Diabetes.Genes · 2017Review
- Innate Viral Receptor Signaling Determines Type 1 Diabetes Onset.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2017Review
- Targeting innate immunity to downmodulate adaptive immunity and reverse type 1 diabetes.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased rapidly over recent decades, particularly in young children. We aimed to determine whether this rise was associated with changes in patterns of humoral islet autoimmunity at diagnosis. Autoantibodies to insulin (IAA), GAD (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A), and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) were measured by radioimmunoassay in sera collected from children and young adults with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes between 1985 and 2002. The influence of date of diagnosis on prevalence and level of autoantibodies was investigated by logistic regression with adjustment for age and HLA class II genetic risk. Prevalence of IA-2A and ZnT8A increased significantly over the period studied, and this was mirrored by raised levels of IA-2A, ZnT8A, and IA-2β autoantibodies (IA-2βA). IAA and GADA prevalence and levels did not change. Increases in IA-2A, ZnT8A, and IA-2βA at diagnosis during a period of rising incidence suggest that the process leading to type 1 diabetes is now characterized by a more intense humoral autoimmune response. Understanding how changes in environment or lifestyle alter the humoral autoimmune response to islet antigens should help explain why the incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing and may suggest new strategies for preventing disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.