ArticleJournal of general internal medicine2012
The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA): public policy and medical practice in the age of personalized medicine.
Article in Journal of general internal medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of consumers' knowledge, attitudes and experiences of primary health professionals' role in genomic medicine.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2025Pooled it
- Racial and ethnic differences in knowledge and attitudes about genetic testing in the US: Systematic review.Journal of genetic counseling · 2019Pooled it
- Strengthening legal safeguards against genetic discrimination: review and recommendations for Malaysia.Journal of community genetics · 2026Review
- Knowledge and attitudes toward prostate cancer germline genetic testing among Hispanic males.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2026Article
- Polygenic risk scores: Navigating the future of precision medicine through economic, ethical, and scientific advancements.iScience · 2026Review
- A Zebra in Horse's Clothing: Rethinking the Diagnosis of Rare Diseases.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2025Review
- Common Variable Immunodeficiency Disorders: A perspective from New Zealand.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- A scoping review of human genetic resources management policies and databases in high- and middle-low-income countries.BMC medical ethics · 2025Article
- Review
- Artificial Intelligence in Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: Advances in Imaging, Pathology, and Personalized Care.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Genetic Data Governance in Japanese Hospitals.Asian bioethics review · 2023Article
- The implications of pharmacogenomics in oncology.BioImpacts : BI · 2023Article
- Governing Personalized Health: A Scoping Review.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Health Information Privacy Laws in the Digital Age: HIPAA Doesn't Apply.Perspectives in health information managemen · 2021Article
- A pediatric perspective on genomics and prevention in the twenty-first century.Pediatric research · 2020Review
- Insights into stigma management communication theory: Considering stigmatization as interpersonal influence.Journal of applied communication research : JACR · 2019Article
- Patient and provider perspectives on the development of personalized medicine: a mixed-methods approach.Journal of community genetics · 2018Article
- Enhancing Reuse of Data and Biological Material in Medical Research: From FAIR to FAIR-Health.Biopreservation and biobanking · 2018Review
- Investigating Married Adults' Communal Coping with Genetic Health Risk and Perceived Discrimination.Communication monographs · 2018Article
- Incorporating Pharmacogenomics into Health Information Technology, Electronic Health Record and Decision Support System: An Overview.Journal of medical systems · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Survey data suggest that many people fear genetic discrimination by health insurers or employers. In fact, such discrimination has not yet been a significant problem. This article examines the fear and reality of genetic discrimination in the United States, describes how Congress sought to prohibit such discrimination by passing the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA), and explores the implications of GINA for general internists and their institutions. It concludes that medical providers and health care institutions must be familiar with the general intent and specific terms of GINA, and should continue to collect genetic information that can contribute to the high quality provision of medical treatment. Not doing so violates their medical mission and diminishes the quality of care patients deserve.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.