ArticleAIDS (London, England)2012
Association of tenofovir exposure with kidney disease risk in HIV infection.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 188 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
188 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 422 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Advanced HIV Disease, from 1996 to 2021: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- Incidence of impaired kidney function among people with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC nephrology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy and safety and dolutegravir and lamivudine in treatment naive HIV patients.AIDS (London, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Kidney disease in the setting of HIV infection: conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.Kidney international · 2018Guideline
- Elevations in Serum Creatinine With Tenofovir-Based HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trials.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Clinical practice guideline for the management of chronic kidney disease in patients infected with HIV: 2014 update by the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2014Guideline
- Application of marginal structural models in pharmacoepidemiologic studies: a systematic review.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2014Pooled it
- Proteinuria and albuminuria among a global primary cardiovascular disease prevention cohort of people with HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2025Trial
- Population pharmacokinetics of tenofovir given as either tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or tenofovir alafenamide in an African population.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2023Trial
- Long-term Outcomes in a Large Randomized Trial of HIV-1 Salvage Therapy: 96-Week Results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5241 (OPTIONS).The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Changes in kidney function among men having sex with men starting on demand tenofovir disoproxil fumarate - emtricitabine for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Trial
- Pre-exposure Prophylaxis With Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine and Kidney Tubular Dysfunction in HIV-Uninfected Individuals.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Trial
- HIV treatment simplification to elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disproxil fumarate (E/C/F/TDF) plus darunavir: a pharmacokinetic study.AIDS research and therapy · 2017Trial
- Impact of early versus deferred antiretroviral therapy on estimated glomerular filtration rate in HIV-positive individuals in the START trial.International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2017Trial
- Low Risk of Proximal Tubular Dysfunction Associated With Emtricitabine-Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Preexposure Prophylaxis in Men and Women.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Switching to Tenofovir Alafenamide, Coformulated With Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, and Emtricitabine, in HIV-Infected Patients With Renal Impairment: 48-Week Results From a Single-Arm, Multicenter, Open-Label Phase 3 Study.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Trial
- Reversibility of Glomerular Renal Function Decline in HIV-Uninfected Men and Women Discontinuing Emtricitabine-Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Trial
- The effect of Tenofovir on renal function among Ugandan adults on long-term antiretroviral therapy: a cross-sectional enrolment analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2016Trial
128 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveDespite widespread HAART use, HIV disease remains associated with increased risk of kidney disease. Whether tenofovir use is associated with higher risk of kidney disease is controversial.
designWe evaluated the association of cumulative and ever exposure to tenofovir on kidney outcomes in 10,841 HIV-infected patients from the Veterans Health Administration who initiated antiretroviral therapy from 1997 to 2007.
methodsCox proportional hazards and marginal structural models evaluated associations between tenofovir and time to first occurrence of proteinuria (two consecutive urine dipstick measurements ≥30 mg/dl), rapid decline in kidney function (≥3 ml/min per 1.73 m annual decline), and chronic kidney disease (CKD; estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 ml/min per 1.73 m).
resultsMedian follow-up ranged from 3.9 years (proteinuria) to 5.5 years (CKD), during which 3400 proteinuria, 3078 rapid decline, and 533 CKD events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, each year of exposure to tenofovir was associated with 34% increased risk of proteinuria [95% confidence interval (CI) 25-45, P < 0.0001], 11% increased risk of rapid decline (3-18, P = 0.0033), and 33% increased risk of CKD (18-51, P < 0.0001). Preexisting renal risk factors did not appear to worsen the effects of tenofovir. Other antiretroviral drugs showed weaker or inconsistent associations with kidney disease events. Among those who discontinued tenofovir use, risk of kidney disease events did not appear to decrease during follow-up.
conclusionTenofovir exposure was independently associated with increased risk for three types of kidney disease events, and did not appear to be reversible. Because subtle kidney function decline affects long-term morbidity and mortality, the balance between efficacy and probable adverse effects requires further study.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.