SynthesisArchives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine2012
Relationship between attrition and neurodevelopmental impairment rates in extremely preterm infants at 18 to 24 months: a systematic review.
Synthesis in Archives of pediatrics & adolescent medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Multisensory stimulation for promoting development and preventing morbidity in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of size at birth on health, growth and developmental outcomes in children up to age 18: an umbrella review.Archives of disease in childhood · 2023Pooled it
- Global prevalence of long-term neurodevelopmental impairment following extremely preterm birth: a systematic literature review.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Pooled it
- Completeness of Retention Data and Determinants of Attrition in Birth Cohorts of Very Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Pooled it
- Neurodevelopmental outcomes at age 3 years of preterm infants born at 22-31 weeks' gestation.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Trial
- Are toddlers with neurosensory impairment more difficult to follow up? A secondary analysis of the hPOD follow-up study.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2024Trial
- Randomized trial of azithromycin to eradicate Ureaplasma respiratory colonization in preterm infants: 2-year outcomes.Pediatric research · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Timing for the Introduction of Cycled Light for Extremely Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Research in nursing & health · 2017Trial
- Barriers and facilitators to neurodevelopmental follow-up among at-risk newborns across Washington State.Research square · 2026Article
- Factors associated with non-participation of preterm infants at two and five years in a large population-based French healthcare network.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Early developmental intervention and neurodevelopmental trajectories in preterm infants without severe brain injury.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Characterizing neurodevelopmental follow-up attendance of children with congenital heart disease.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Placental epigenetic age and adolescent blood pressure: the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn cohort.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Article
- Short-term neurodevelopment and growth outcomes of very and moderate preterm Indian infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2022Article
- Parental perspective on important health outcomes of extremely preterm infants.Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition · 2022Article
- The Effect of Size and Asymmetry at Birth on Brain Injury and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Congenital Heart Disease.Pediatric cardiology · 2022Article
- Maternal age and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants < 29 weeks gestational age.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2021Article
- Analysis of neurodevelopmental outcomes of preadolescents born with extremely low weight revealed impairments in multiple developmental domains despite absence of cognitive impairment.Health science reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the effect of loss to follow-up rates at 18 to 24 months on neurodevelopmental outcome statistics for infants of less than 1000 g birth weight or less than 28 weeks' gestational age. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases (January 1, 2000, to June 30, 2010). STUDY SELECTION: We searched for studies reporting outcomes of infants of less than 1000 g birth weight or less than 28 weeks' gestational age who were born after 1990. MAIN EXPOSURE: Eligible articles had to report the primary outcome and follow-up rates at 18 to 24 months. MAIN OUTCOME: Our primary composite outcome of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) was any of a mental developmental quotient 2 SDs below the mean, using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II; cerebral palsy; visual impairment; or significant hearing impairment.
resultsOf 43 publications describing outcomes at 18 to 24 months, 20 provided rates of follow-up, describing a total of 34,185 infants. The NDI rates ranged between 12.4% and 57.5%. Follow-up rates ranged between 71.6% and 100%. Higher rates of NDI were significantly correlated with greater loss to follow-up (r(2) = 0.38, P = .007). Higher rates of both NDI and loss to follow-up were seen in the United States compared with Canada, the United Kingdom, Finland, Denmark, Austria, Germany, and Australia (r(2) = 0.70, P = .001).
conclusionsAscertainment bias may overestimate NDI in extremely low-birth-weight or extremely low-gestational-age survivors at 18 to 24 months. Alternatively, the characteristics of different populations and health systems may contribute to higher rates of attrition and higher rates of NDI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.