ReviewProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Serotype-independent pneumococcal experimental vaccines that induce cellular as well as humoral immunity.
Review in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed.
- Randomized controlled study of the safety and immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccine formulations containing PhtD and detoxified pneumolysin with alum or adjuvant system AS02V in elderly adults.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2014Trial
- Intranasal influenza-vectored vaccine expressing pneumococcal surface protein A protects against Influenza and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- GL7 ligand expression defines a novel subset of CD4Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- Antigen-specific memory Th17 cells promote cross-protection against nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae after mild influenza A virus infection.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- Targeted Transcriptomic Screen of Pneumococcal Genes Expressed during Murine and Human Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Corrected and Republished from: "A Novel, Multiple-Antigen Pneumococcal Vaccine Protects against LethalInfection and immunity · 2022Article
- Vaccine-driven lung TRM cells provide immunity againstScience immunology · 2021Article
- Review
- Exploring metal availability in the natural niche ofVirulence · 2020Article
- Type 3 immunity: a perspective for the defense of the mammary gland against infections.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- Generation of protective pneumococcal-specific nasal resident memory CD4Mucosal immunology · 2020Article
- Korean Red Ginseng enhances pneumococcal ΔJournal of ginseng research · 2019Article
- A Novel, Multiple-Antigen Pneumococcal Vaccine Protects against LethalInfection and immunity · 2019Article
- Updates on T helper type 17 immunity in respiratory disease.Immunology · 2019Review
- Structure-Function Relationships of C-Reactive Protein in Bacterial Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Recent approaches in whole cell pneumococcal vaccine development: a review study.Iranian journal of microbiology · 2017Review
- Exploring the role of competition induced by non-vaccine serotypes for herd protection following pneumococcal vaccination.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2017Article
- Th17-Mediated Cross Protection against Pneumococcal Carriage by Vaccination with a Variable Antigen.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Immunity in the Elderly.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) infections in infancy, protein-conjugated capsular polysaccharide vaccines provide serotype-specific, antibody-mediated immunity but do not cover all of the 90+ capsule serotypes. Therefore, microbiologists have sought protective noncapsular antigens common to all strains. Alternatively, we investigated killed cells of a noncapsulated strain, which expose many such common antigens. Given to mice intranasally, this vaccine elicits antibody-independent, CD4+ T lymphocyte-dependent accelerated clearance of pneumococci of various serotypes from the nasopharynx mediated by the cytokine IL-17A. Such immunity may reproduce the natural resistance that develops in infants before capsular antibodies arise. Given by injection, the killed cell vaccine induces bifunctional immunity: plasma antibodies protective against fatal pneumonia challenge, as well as IL-17A-mediated nasopharyngeal clearance. Human testing of this inexpensive candidate vaccine by intramuscular injection is planned. Bacterial cellular vaccines are complex--a challenge for reproducibility. However, when several known protective antigens were deleted, the killed pneumococcal vaccine was still protective. This antigenic redundancy may prevent vaccine escape variants by recombinational loss, which is frequent in pneumococcus. Biochemically defined immunogens with bifunctional activity have also been devised. These immunogens are three-component conjugates in which cell wall teichoic acid (a common antigen capable of T cell activation) is coupled to a genetic fusion of two common pneumococcal proteins: a protective surface antigen and a derivative of pneumolysin, which provides TLR4 agonist activity and induces antitoxic immunity. Such constructs induce accelerated clearance when given intranasally and induce both immune mechanisms when injected. The defined composition permits analysis of structure-function activity.
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