ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Mitochondrial genomes from modern horses reveal the major haplogroups that underwent domestication.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers.
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123 citing papers in PubMed, 259 citations in OpenAlex.
- Screening of Y-chromosomal STR loci and development of a multiplex PCR system for paternal lineage identification in horses.Equine veterinary journal · 2026Article
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- Introgression among maternal lineages inferred from complete mitogenomes and molecular dating helps resolve phylogeography of European roe deer.BMC ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Sequencing and Analysis of mtDNA Genomes from the Teeth of Early Medieval Horses in Poland.Genes · 2026Article
- Evolutionary insights from complete mitochondrial genomes ofAnimal cells and systems · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial DNA reveals high maternal diversity within a weak breed structure in native Kazakhstani horses.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial genome assembly of the Peruvian Paso horse through PacBio long-read sequencing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Validating a Target-Enrichment Design for Capturing Uniparental Haplotypes in Ancient Domesticated Animals.Molecular ecology resources · 2025Article
- Late Iron Age and Roman equine breeding north of the Alps: Genetic insights and cultural implications.iScience · 2025Article
- Genomic insights into the genetic diversity and genetic basis of body height in endangered Chinese Ningqiang ponies.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- A Systematic Literature Review of Mitochondrial DNA Analysis for Horse Genetic Diversity.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Multiple Domestication Centers of the Indian Pig Population.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Unraveling the maternal heritage: identifying the complex origins of indigenous Indian horse and pony breeds through mitochondrial genome analysis.Mammalian genome : official journal of the International Mammalian Genome Society · 2025Article
- Endangered Przewalski's Horse,Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- A Genetic Make Up of Italian Lipizzan Horse Through Uniparental Markers to Preserve Historical Pedigrees.Biology · 2024Article
- Analyses of whole-genome sequences from 185 North American Thoroughbred horses, spanning 5 generations.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Ancient Mitochondrial Genomes Provide New Clues in the History of the Akhal-Teke Horse in China.Genes · 2024Article
- Inferences about the population history ofEcology and evolution · 2024Article
- Article
- Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome reveal the genetic structure of the native Polish Konik horse population.PeerJ · 2024Article
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Archaeological and genetic evidence concerning the time and mode of wild horse (Equus ferus) domestication is still debated. High levels of genetic diversity in horse mtDNA have been detected when analyzing the control region; recurrent mutations, however, tend to blur the structure of the phylogenetic tree. Here, we brought the horse mtDNA phylogeny to the highest level of molecular resolution by analyzing 83 mitochondrial genomes from modern horses across Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and the Americas. Our data reveal 18 major haplogroups (A-R) with radiation times that are mostly confined to the Neolithic and later periods and place the root of the phylogeny corresponding to the Ancestral Mare Mitogenome at ~130-160 thousand years ago. All haplogroups were detected in modern horses from Asia, but F was only found in E. przewalskii--the only remaining wild horse. Therefore, a wide range of matrilineal lineages from the extinct E. ferus underwent domestication in the Eurasian steppes during the Eneolithic period and were transmitted to modern E. caballus breeds. Importantly, now that the major horse haplogroups have been defined, each with diagnostic mutational motifs (in both the coding and control regions), these haplotypes could be easily used to (i) classify well-preserved ancient remains, (ii) (re)assess the haplogroup variation of modern breeds, including Thoroughbreds, and (iii) evaluate the possible role of mtDNA backgrounds in racehorse performance.
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