ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Cholera toxin activates nonconventional adjuvant pathways that induce protective CD8 T-cell responses after epicutaneous vaccination.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Small molecule inhibitor targets OmpV to treat pandemic Vibrio cholerae infection.Nature communications · 2025Article
- ADP-ribosylating adjuvant reveals plasticity in cDC1 cells that drive mucosal Th17 cell development and protection against influenza virus infection.Mucosal immunology · 2022Article
- Bacteria-Inspired Nanomedicine.ACS applied bio materials · 2021Review
- Protective multi-epitope candidate vaccine for urinary tract infection.Biotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2020Article
- Adjuvant selection regulates gut migration and phenotypic diversity of antigen-specific CD4Mucosal immunology · 2018Article
- Allergen-Induced CD4+ T Cell Cytokine Production within Airway Mucosal Dendritic Cell-T Cell Clusters Drives the Local Recruitment of Myeloid Effector Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Low doses of cholera toxin and its mediator cAMP induce CTLA-2 secretion by dendritic cells to enhance regulatory T cell conversion.PloS one · 2017Article
- Evaluation of protective efficacy induced by virus-like particles containing a Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory (ES) protein in mice.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- Cholera toxin adjuvant promotes a balanced Th1/Th2/Th17 response independently of IL-12 and IL-17 by acting on Gsα in CD11b⁺ DCs.Mucosal immunology · 2015Article
- Intranasal immunization with influenza antigens conjugated with cholera toxin subunit B stimulates broad spectrum immunity against influenza viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Article
- CD11b+ migratory dendritic cells mediate CD8 T cell cross-priming and cutaneous imprinting after topical immunization.PloS one · 2014Article
- Antigen presentation by Langerhans cells.Current opinion in immunology · 2013Review
- Transcutaneous antigen delivery system.BMB reports · 2013Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ability to induce humoral and cellular immunity via antigen delivery through the unbroken skin (epicutaneous immunization, EPI) has immediate relevance for vaccine development. However, it is unclear which adjuvants induce protective memory CD8 T-cell responses by this route, and the molecular and cellular requirements for priming through intact skin are not defined. We report that cholera toxin (CT) is superior to other adjuvants in its ability to prime memory CD8 T cells that control bacterial and viral challenges. Epicutaneous immunization with CT does not require engagement of classic toll-like receptor (TLR) and inflammasome pathways and, surprisingly, is independent of skin langerin-expressing cells (including Langerhans cells). However, CT adjuvanticity required type-I IFN sensitivity, participation of a Batf3-dependent dendritic cell (DC) population and engagement of CT with suitable gangliosides. Chemoenzymatic generation of CT-antigen fusion proteins led to efficient priming of the CD8 T-cell responses, paving the way for development of this immunization strategy as a therapeutic option.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.