Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22307864›Full record

ReviewCA: a cancer journal for clinicians

Cancer risks associated with external radiation from diagnostic imaging procedures.

Martha S Linet, Thomas L Slovis, Donald L Miller, Ruth Kleinerman, Choonsik Lee, Preetha Rajaraman, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez

Erratum issuedOpen access · diamondAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in CA: a cancer journal for clinicians. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 155 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
155citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
18.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

155 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 411 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Systematic review of validated parent-reported questionnaires assessing swallowing dysfunction in otherwise healthy infants and toddlers.Journal of otolaryngology - head & neck surgery = Le Journal d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale · 2021
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  13. Article
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  15. How can children benefit from total-body PET?The British journal of radiology · 2026
    Review
  16. Real-world management of adjuvant systemic melanoma therapy: Multi-center survey of 51 DeCOG skin cancer centers.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2026
    Article
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95 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Erratum issued
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Martha S LinetRadiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-7238, USA. linetm@mail.nih.gov
Thomas L SlovisChief, Pediatric Radiology, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI.
Donald L MillerActing Chief, Diagnostic Devices Branch, Division of Mammography Quality and Radiation Program Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD.
Ruth KleinermanEpidemiologist, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Choonsik LeeInvestigator, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Preetha RajaramanInvestigator, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
Amy Berrington de GonzalezSenior Investigator, Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.
National Cancer Institute · USDivision of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsCenter for Devices and Radiological Health · USChildren's Hospital of Michigan · US

Funding

Studies of Populations Exposed to Diagnostic Medical RadiationZIACP010222 · NCI · DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS · PI KITAHARA, CARI · 2011 to 2025
$13.1M
Intramural NIH HHS ZIA CP010222
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The 600% increase in medical radiation exposure to the US population since 1980 has provided immense benefit, but increased potential future cancer risks to patients. Most of the increase is from diagnostic radiologic procedures. The objectives of this review are to summarize epidemiologic data on cancer risks associated with diagnostic procedures, describe how exposures from recent diagnostic procedures relate to radiation levels linked with cancer occurrence, and propose a framework of strategies to reduce radiation from diagnostic imaging in patients. We briefly review radiation dose definitions, mechanisms of radiation carcinogenesis, key epidemiologic studies of medical and other radiation sources and cancer risks, and dose trends from diagnostic procedures. We describe cancer risks from experimental studies, future projected risks from current imaging procedures, and the potential for higher risks in genetically susceptible populations. To reduce future projected cancers from diagnostic procedures, we advocate the widespread use of evidence-based appropriateness criteria for decisions about imaging procedures; oversight of equipment to deliver reliably the minimum radiation required to attain clinical objectives; development of electronic lifetime records of imaging procedures for patients and their physicians; and commitment by medical training programs, professional societies, and radiation protection organizations to educate all stakeholders in reducing radiation from diagnostic procedures.

Indexed as

Diagnostic ImagingHumansNeoplasms, Radiation-InducedRadiation DosageRadiometryRisk AssessmentRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID22307864
PMCPMC3548988
OpenAlexW2172017118

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.