ReviewEmerging infectious diseases2012
Pathogenic responses among young adults during the 1918 influenza pandemic.
Review in Emerging infectious diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeting Zoonotic Spillover Drivers for Global Pandemic Prevention: A Narrative Review.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- A deterministic model for homologous antibody dependant enhancement on influenza infection.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2024Article
- Acute Respiratory Illness Is Associated with Memory T Cell Differentiation and Other Immune Cell Changes in an Age-Associated Manner.ImmunoHorizons · 2023Article
- Racial Disparities in Mortality During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in United States Cities.Demography · 2022Article
- The Continued Threat of Influenza A Viruses.Viruses · 2022Article
- Article
- Tracking Pandemic Severity Using Data on the Age Structure of Mortality: Lessons From the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Michigan.American journal of public health · 2021Article
- Pandemic Reemergence and Four Waves of Excess Mortality Coinciding With the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Michigan: Insights for COVID-19.American journal of public health · 2021Article
- U.S. Navy's Response to a Shipboard Coronavirus Outbreak: Considerations for a Medical Management Plan at Sea.Military medicine · 2021Article
- An investigation of rhinovirus infection on cellular uptake of poly (glycerol-adipate) nanoparticles.International journal of pharmaceutics · 2020Article
- After the fire: Post-pandemic reflections.Journal of the Intensive Care Society · 2020Article
- Pandemics Throughout History.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Are social inequalities in influenza vaccination coverage in Japan reduced by health policy?Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- Determinants of Influenza Mortality Trends: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis of Influenza Mortality in the United States, 1959-2016.Demography · 2019Article
- The Spanish Influenza Pandemic: a lesson from history 100 years after 1918.Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- The 'Influenza' Vaccine Used during the Samoan Pandemic of 1918.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2018Article
- Article
- Back to the Future: Lessons Learned From the 1918 Influenza Pandemic.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Review
- Respiratory Mononuclear Phagocytes in Human Influenza A Virus Infection: Their Role in Immune Protection and As Targets of the Virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- A Perspective on the Structural and Functional Constraints for Immune Evasion: Insights from Influenza Virus.Journal of molecular biology · 2017Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Of the unexplained characteristics of the 1918-19 influenza pandemic, the extreme mortality rate among young adults (W-shaped mortality curve) is the foremost. Lack of a coherent explanation of this and other epidemiologic and clinical manifestations of the pandemic contributes to uncertainty in preparing for future pandemics. Contemporaneous records suggest that immunopathologic responses were a critical determinant of the high mortality rate among young adults and other high-risk subgroups. Historical records and findings from laboratory animal studies suggest that persons who were exposed to influenza once before 1918 (e.g., A/H3Nx 1890 pandemic strain) were likely to have dysregulated, pathologic cellular immune responses to infections with the A/H1N1 1918 pandemic strain. The immunopathologic effects transiently increased susceptibility to ultimately lethal secondary bacterial pneumonia. The extreme mortality rate associated with the 1918-19 pandemic is unlikely to recur naturally. However, T-cell-mediated immunopathologic effects should be carefully monitored in developing and using universal influenza vaccines.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.