Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22302378›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2012

The determinants of performance in master swimmers: an analysis of master world records.

P Zamparo, G Gatta, P E di Prampero

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Monitoring Master Swimmers' Performance and Active Drag Evolution along a Training Mesocycle.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021
    Article
  6. Article
  7. The energy cost of swimming and its determinants.European journal of applied physiology · 2020
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
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  12. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

P ZamparoDepartment of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Faculty of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Verona, via F. Casorati 43, 37131 Verona, Italy. paola.zamparo@univr.it
G Gatta
P E di Prampero
University of Bologna · ITUniversity of Udine · ITUniversity of Verona · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human performances in sports decline with age in all competitions/disciplines. Since the effects of age are often compounded by disuse, the study of master athletes provides the opportunity to investigate the effects of age per se on the metabolic/biomechanical determinants of performance. For all master age groups, swimming styles and distances, we calculated the metabolic power required to cover the distance (d) in the best performance time as: E' maxR ¼ C d=BTP ¼ C vmax; where C is the energy cost of swimming in young elite swimmers, vmax = d/BTP is the record speed over the distance d, and BTP was obtained form "cross-sectional data" (http://www.fina.org). To establish a record performance, E' maxR must be equal to the maximal available metabolic power (E'maxA). This was calculated assuming a decrease of 1% per year at 40 - 70 years, 2% at 70 - 80 years and 3% at 80 - 90 years (as indicated in the literature) and compared to the E' maxR values, whereas up to about 55 years of age E' maxR ¼ E' maxA; for older subjects E' maxA > E' maxR; the difference increasing linearly by about 0.30% (backstroke), 1.93% (butterfly), 0.92% (front crawl) and 0.37% (breaststroke) per year (average over the 50, 100 and 200 m distances). These data suggest that the energy cost of swimming increases with age. Hence, the decrease in performance in master swimmers is due to both decrease in the metabolic power available (E' maxA) and to an increase in C.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overAthletesEnergy MetabolismHumansMaleMiddle AgedOxygen ConsumptionPhysical EnduranceSwimming

Identifiers

PMID22302378
OpenAlexW2149954901

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.