ArticleDiabetes care2012
Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study: associations of maternal A1C and glucose with pregnancy outcomes.
Article in Diabetes care, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Early-Onset Versus Late-Onset Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Maternal, Perinatal and Neonatal Outcomes.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Pooled it
- Can glyburide be advocated over subcutaneous insulin for perinatal outcomes of women with gestational diabetes? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2020Pooled it
- Comparison of glyburide and insulin in the management of gestational diabetes: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Sleep-disordered breathing and gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of 9,795 participants enrolled in epidemiological observational studies.Diabetes care · 2013Pooled it
- Randomized Trial of Assisted Hybrid Closed-Loop Therapy Versus Sensor-Augmented Pump Therapy in Pregnancy.Diabetes technology & therapeutics · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Smartphone application for women with gestational diabetes mellitus: a study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2017Trial
- A complex intervention to improve pregnancy outcome in obese women; the UPBEAT randomised controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2014Trial
- Trial
- Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence, Clinical Benefits and Remaining Challenges.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
- Metabolic status in mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and the effects on fetal and neonatal outcomes - a cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Article
- Long-read assembly reveals vast transcriptional complexity in the placenta associated with metabolic and endocrine function.Nature communications · 2026Article
- First-Trimester Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk Prediction with Machine Learning Techniques: Results from the BORN2020 Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Long sleep duration and suboptimal glycaemic control in gestational diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study in Ningbo, China.BMJ open · 2026Observational
- Role of fasting glucose and glycated hemoglobin for gestational diabetes mellitus diagnosis: A prospective study.World journal of diabetes · 2026Article
- Early prediction of gestational diabetes mellitus using deep learning applied to routinely collected clinical data.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Barriers and facilitators to insulin management in pregnant people with gestational diabetes mellitus: A qualitative study.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Association of fetal FTO gene variants with maternal postload glucose levels in pregnancy.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2025Article
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes according to the timing of diagnosis of gestational diabetes: A critical appraisal.World journal of diabetes · 2025Review
- Maternal glucose concentrations and DNA methylation of genes related to the PPAR signaling pathway in human placenta: insights for maternal glucose concentrations' effects on neonatal anthropometrics.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Article
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo compare associations of maternal glucose and A1C with adverse outcomes in the multinational Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) Study and determine, based on those comparisons, if A1C measurement can provide an alternative to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in pregnant women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsEligible pregnant women underwent a 75-g OGTT at 24-32 weeks' gestation. A sample for A1C was also collected. Neonatal anthropometrics and cord serum C-peptide were measured. Associations with outcomes were assessed using multiple logistic regression with adjustment for potential confounders.
resultsAmong 23,316 HAPO Study participants with glucose levels blinded to caregivers, 21,064 had a nonvariant A1C result. The mean ± SD A1C was 4.79 ± 0.40%. Associations were significantly stronger with glucose measures than with A1C for birth weight, sum of skinfolds, and percent body fat >90th percentile and for fasting and 1-h glucose for cord C-peptide (all P < 0.01). For example, in fully adjusted models, odds ratios (ORs) for birth weight >90th percentile for each measure higher by 1 SD were 1.39, 1.45, and 1.38, respectively, for fasting, 1-, and 2-h plasma glucose and 1.15 for A1C. ORs for cord C-peptide >90th percentile were 1.56, 1.45, and 1.35 for glucose, respectively, and 1.32 for A1C. ORs were similar for glucose and A1C for primary cesarean section, preeclampsia, and preterm delivery.
conclusionsOn the basis of associations with adverse outcomes, these findings suggest that A1C measurement is not a useful alternative to an OGTT in pregnant women.
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