ArticleVaccine2012
The influence of BCG vaccine strain on mycobacteria-specific and non-specific immune responses in a prospective cohort of infants in Uganda.
Article in Vaccine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluating the Effect of Different BCG Strains on Early Life Hospital Admissions in Guinea-Bissau: A Randomised Trial
Randomized Trial Evaluating the Non-specific Effects of Different BCG Strains in Guinea-Bissau: Effects on Early-life Mortality and Morbidity
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cohort profile: the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (EMaBS).BMJ open · 2026Trial
- The effect of BCG revaccination on the response to unrelated vaccines in urban Ugandan adolescents (POPVAC C): an open-label, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of BCG Revaccination WithFrontiers in immunology · 2022Trial
- BCG-induced non-specific effects on heterologous infectious disease in Ugandan neonates: an investigator-blind randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2021Trial
- Early BCG-Denmark and Neonatal Mortality Among Infants Weighing <2500 g: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Trial
- The association between Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination (1331 SSI) skin reaction and subsequent scar development in infants.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- The effect of current Schistosoma mansoni infection on the immunogenicity of a candidate TB vaccine, MVA85A, in BCG-vaccinated adolescents: An open-label trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Trial
- Early BCG vaccine to low-birth-weight infants and the effects on growth in the first year of life: a randomised controlled trial.BMC pediatrics · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Life Course Malaria Exposure and SARS-CoV-2 Seroepidemiology in Ugandan Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study Nested in a Birth Cohort.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2026Article
- Disseminated BCGosis in immunocompromised infants: a five-case series in the context of a national BCG vaccination policy change.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Culture conditions impact the protein expression profile of Mycobacterium bovis BCG strains Moreau and Pasteur.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccination on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 vaccination.Clinical & translational immunology · 2025Article
- Pediatric Tuberculosis: A Review of Evidence-Based Best Practices for Clinicians and Health Care Providers.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- The Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome at 25 years: lessons and lingering questions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2023Review
- Evolution of theVaccine: X · 2023Article
- Erratum: Factors influencing scar formation following Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Factors influencing scar formation following Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Time to face the proofs: the BCG Moreau vaccine promotes superior inflammatory cytokine profileHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlobally, BCG vaccination varies in efficacy and has some non-specific protective effects. Previous studies comparing BCG strains have been small-scale, with few or no immunological outcomes and have compared TB-specific responses only. We aimed to evaluate both specific and non-specific immune responses to different strains of BCG within a large infant cohort and to evaluate further the relationship between BCG strain, scarring and cytokine responses.
methodsInfants from the Entebbe Mother and Baby Study (ISRCTN32849447) who received BCG-Russia, BCG-Bulgaria or BCG-Denmark at birth, were analysed by BCG strain group. At one year, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-5, IL-13 and IL-10 responses to mycobacteria-specific antigens (crude culture filtrate proteins and antigen 85) and non-mycobacterial stimuli (tetanus toxoid and phytohaemagglutinin) were measured using ELISA. Cytokine responses, scar frequency, BCG associated adverse event frequency and mortality rates were compared across groups, with adjustments for potential confounders.
resultsBoth specific and non-specific IFN-γ, IL-13 and IL-10 responses in 1341 infants differed between BCG strain groups including in response to stimulation with tetanus toxoid. BCG-Denmark immunised infants showed the highest cytokine responses. The proportion of infants who scarred differed significantly, with BCG scars occurring in 52.2%, 64.1% and 92.6% of infants immunised with BCG Russia, BCG-Bulgaria and BCG-Denmark, respectively (p<0.001). Scarred infants had higher IFN-γ and IL-13 responses to mycobacterial antigens only than infants without a scar. The BCG-Denmark group had the highest frequency of adverse events (p=0.025). Mortality differences were not significant.
conclusionsBoth specific and non-specific immune responses to the BCG vaccine differ by strain. Scarring after BCG vaccination is also strain-dependent and is associated with higher IFN-γ and IL-13 responses to mycobacterial antigens. The choice of BCG strain may be an important factor and should be evaluated when testing novel vaccine strategies that employ BCG in prime-boost sequences, or as a vector for other vaccine antigens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.